Common use of Required Services Clause in Contracts

Required Services. (a) You will assign one of your representatives to each Putnam Fund account on your ▇▇▇▇▇ds and reassign the Putnam Fund account should ▇▇▇▇ ▇epresentative leave your organization. (b) You and your representatives will assist us and our affiliates in providing the following services to shareholders of the Putnam Funds: (i) Mai▇▇▇▇▇ regular contact with shareholders in assigned accounts and assist in answering inquiries concerning the Putnam Funds. (ii) As▇▇▇▇ ▇n distributing sales and service literature provided by us, particularly to the beneficial owners of accounts registered in your name (nominee name accounts). (iii) Assist us and our affiliates in the establishment and maintenance of shareholder accounts and records. (iv) Assist shareholders in effecting administrative changes, such as changing dividend options, account designations, address, automatic investment programs or systematic investment plans. (v) Assist in processing purchase and redemption transactions. (vi) Provide any other information or services as the customer or we may reasonably request. (c) You will grant reasonable requests for visits to your offices by our wholesalers and include all Putnam Funds on your menu o▇ ▇▇▇▇ of investments made available by you to your customers. (d) Your compliance with the service requirements set forth in this Agreement will be evaluated by us from time to time by surveying shareholder satisfaction with service, by monitoring redemption levels of shareholder accounts assigned to you and by such other methods as we deem appropriate. (e) The provisions of this Paragraph 4 may be amended by us from time to time upon notice to you.

Required Services. (a) You will assign one of your registered representatives to each Putnam Fund account on your ▇▇▇▇▇ds ▇ Fund account on your records and reassign the Putnam Fund account should ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇epresentative Fund account should that representative leave your organizationfirm. (b) You and your registered representatives will assist us and our affiliates in providing the following services to shareholders of the Putnam ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Funds: (i) Mai▇▇▇▇▇ Maintain regular contact with shareholders in assigned accounts and assist in answering inquiries concerning the Putnam ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Funds. (ii) As▇▇▇▇ ▇n Assist in distributing sales and service literature provided by us, particularly to the beneficial owners of accounts registered in your name (nominee name accounts). (iii) Assist us and our affiliates in the establishment and maintenance of shareholder accounts and records. (iv) Assist shareholders in effecting administrative changes, such as changing dividend options, account designations, address, automatic investment programs or systematic investment plans. (v) Assist in processing purchase and redemption transactions. (vi) Provide any other information or services as the customer or we may reasonably request. (c) You will grant support our marketing efforts by granting reasonable requests for visits to your offices by our wholesalers and include by including all Putnam Funds on your menu o▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ of investments made available by you to Funds on your customers"approved" list. (d) Your compliance with the service requirements set forth in this Agreement will be evaluated by us from time to time by surveying shareholder satisfaction with service, by monitoring redemption levels of shareholder accounts assigned to you and by such other methods as we deem appropriate. (e) The provisions of this Paragraph 4 may be amended by us from time to time upon notice to you.

Required Services. (a) You will assign one of your representatives to each Putnam Fund account on your ▇▇▇▇▇ds ▇s and reassign the Putnam Fund account should ▇t▇▇▇ ▇epresentative ▇presentative leave your organization. (b) You and your representatives will assist us and our affiliates in providing the following services to shareholders of the Putnam Funds: (i) Mai▇▇Maint▇▇▇ regular ▇▇gular contact with shareholders in assigned accounts and assist in answering inquiries concerning the Putnam Funds. (ii) As▇▇Assi▇▇ ▇n ▇ distributing sales and service literature provided by us, particularly to the beneficial owners of accounts registered in your name (nominee name accounts). (iii) Assist us and our affiliates in the establishment and maintenance of shareholder accounts and records. (iv) Assist shareholders in effecting administrative changes, such as changing dividend options, account designations, address, automatic investment programs or systematic investment plans. (v) Assist in processing purchase and redemption transactions. (vi) Provide any other information or services as the customer or we may reasonably request. (c) You will grant reasonable requests for visits to your offices by our wholesalers and include all Putnam Funds on your menu o▇ or ▇▇▇▇ of investments made available by you to your customers. (d) Your compliance with the service requirements set forth in this Agreement will be evaluated by us from time to time by surveying shareholder satisfaction with service, by monitoring redemption levels of shareholder accounts assigned to you and by such other methods as we deem appropriate. (e) The provisions of this Paragraph 4 may be amended by us from time to time upon notice to you.

Required Services. (a) You will assign one of your registered representatives to each Putnam P▇▇▇▇▇ Fund account on your records and reassign the P▇▇▇▇▇ds and reassign the Putnam ▇ Fund account should ▇▇▇▇ ▇epresentative that representative leave your organizationfirm. (b) You and your registered representatives will assist us and our affiliates in providing the following services to shareholders shareholder of the Putnam P▇▇▇▇▇ Funds: (i) Mai▇▇▇▇▇ Maintain regular contact with shareholders in assigned accounts and assist in answering inquiries concerning the Putnam P▇▇▇▇▇ Funds. (ii) As▇▇▇▇ ▇n Assist in distributing sales and service literature provided by us, particularly to the beneficial owners of accounts registered in your name (nominee name accounts). (iii) Assist us and our affiliates in the establishment and maintenance of shareholder accounts and records. (iv) Assist shareholders in effecting administrative changes, such as changing dividend options, account designations, address, automatic investment programs or systematic investment plans. (v) Assist in processing purchase and redemption transactions. (vi) Provide any other information or services as the customer or we may reasonably request. (c) You will grant support our marketing efforts by granting reasonable requests for visits to your offices by our wholesalers and include all Putnam Funds on your menu o▇ by including P▇▇▇▇▇ of investments made available by you to Funds on your customers“approved” list. (d) Your compliance with the service requirements set forth in this Agreement will be evaluated by us from time to time by surveying shareholder satisfaction with service, by monitoring redemption levels of shareholder shareholders accounts assigned to you and by such other methods as we deem appropriate. (e) The provisions of this the Paragraph 4 may be amended by us from time to time upon notice to you.

Required Services. (a) You will assign one of your representatives to each Putnam P▇▇▇▇▇ Fund account on your records and reassign the P▇▇▇▇▇ds and reassign the Putnam ▇ Fund account should ▇▇▇▇ ▇epresentative that representative leave your organization. (b) You and your representatives will assist us and our affiliates in providing the following services to shareholders of the Putnam P▇▇▇▇▇ Funds: (i) Mai▇▇▇▇▇ Maintain regular contact with shareholders in assigned accounts and assist in answering inquiries concerning the Putnam P▇▇▇▇▇ Funds. (ii) As▇▇▇▇ ▇n Assist in distributing sales and service literature provided by us, particularly to the beneficial owners of accounts registered in your name (nominee name accounts). (iii) Assist us and our affiliates in the establishment and maintenance of shareholder accounts and records. (iv) Assist shareholders in effecting administrative changes, such as changing dividend options, account designations, address, automatic investment programs or systematic investment plans. (v) Assist in processing purchase and redemption transactions. (vi) Provide any other information or services as the customer or we may reasonably request. (c) You will grant reasonable requests for visits to your offices by our wholesalers and include all Putnam P▇▇▇▇▇ Funds on your menu o▇ ▇▇▇▇ or list of investments made available by you to your customers. (d) Your compliance with the service requirements set forth in this Agreement will be evaluated by us from time to time by surveying shareholder satisfaction with your service, by monitoring redemption levels of shareholder shareholders accounts assigned to you and by such other methods as we deem appropriate. (e) The provisions of this the Paragraph 4 may be amended by us from time to time upon notice to you.

Required Services. (a) You will assign one of your representatives to each Putnam Fund account on your ▇▇▇▇▇ds ▇ Fund account on your records and reassign the Putnam Fund account should ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇epresentative Fund account should that representative leave your organization. (b) You and your representatives will assist us and our affiliates in providing the following services to shareholders of the Putnam ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Funds: (i) Mai▇▇▇▇▇ Maintain regular contact with shareholders in assigned accounts and assist in answering inquiries concerning the Putnam ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Funds. (ii) As▇▇▇▇ ▇n Assist in distributing sales and service literature provided by us, particularly to the beneficial owners of accounts registered in your name (nominee name accounts). (iii) Assist us and our affiliates in the establishment and maintenance of shareholder accounts and records. (iv) Assist shareholders in effecting administrative changes, such as changing dividend options, account designations, address, automatic investment programs or systematic investment plans. (v) Assist in processing purchase and redemption transactions. (vi) Provide any other information or services as the customer or we may reasonably request. (c) You will grant reasonable requests for visits to your offices by our wholesalers and include all Putnam ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Funds on your menu o▇ ▇▇▇▇ or list of investments made available by you to your customers. (d) Your compliance with the service requirements set forth in this Agreement will be evaluated by us from time to time by surveying shareholder satisfaction with service, by monitoring redemption levels of shareholder accounts assigned to you and by such other methods as we deem appropriate. (e) The provisions of this Paragraph 4 may be amended by us from time to time upon notice to you.

Required Services. (a) You will assign one of your representatives to each Putnam Fund account on your ▇▇▇▇▇ds and reassign the Putnam Fund account should ▇▇▇▇ ▇epresentative leave your organization. (b) You and your representatives will assist us and our affiliates in providing the following services to shareholders of the Putnam Funds: (i) Mai▇Main▇▇▇▇ regular ▇egular contact with shareholders in assigned accounts and assist in answering inquiries concerning the Putnam Funds. (ii) As▇Ass▇▇▇ ▇n ▇ distributing sales and service literature provided by us, particularly to the beneficial owners of accounts registered in your name (nominee name accounts). (iii) Assist us and our affiliates in the establishment and maintenance of shareholder accounts and records. (iv) Assist shareholders in effecting administrative changes, such as changing dividend options, account designations, address, automatic investment programs or systematic investment plans. (v) Assist in processing purchase and redemption transactions. (vi) Provide any other information or services as the customer or we may reasonably request. (c) You will grant reasonable requests for visits to your offices by our wholesalers and include all Putnam Funds on your menu o▇ ▇▇▇▇ of investments made available by you to your customers. (d) Your compliance with the service requirements set forth in this Agreement will be evaluated by us from time to time by surveying shareholder satisfaction with service, by monitoring redemption levels of shareholder accounts assigned to you and by such other methods as we deem appropriate. (e) The provisions of this Paragraph 4 may be amended by us from time to time upon notice to you.

Required Services. (a) You will assign one of your registered representatives to each Putnam Fund account on your ▇▇▇▇▇ds ▇ Fund account on your records and reassign the Putnam Fund account should ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇epresentative Fund account should that representative leave your organizationfirm. (b) You and your registered representatives will assist us and our affiliates in providing the following services to shareholders of the Putnam ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Funds: (i) Mai▇▇▇▇▇ Maintain regular contact with shareholders in assigned accounts and assist in answering inquiries concerning the Putnam ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Funds. (ii) As▇▇▇▇ ▇n Assist in distributing sales and service literature serviceliterature provided by us, particularly to the beneficial owners of accounts registered in your name (nominee name accounts). (iii) Assist us and our affiliates in the establishment and maintenance of shareholder accounts and records. (iv) Assist shareholders in effecting administrative changes, such as changing dividend options, account designations, address, automatic investment programs or systematic investment plans. (v) Assist in processing purchase and redemption transactions. (vi) Provide any other information or services as the customer or we may reasonably request. (c) You will grant support our marketing efforts by granting reasonable requests for visits to your offices by our wholesalers and include by including all Putnam Funds on your menu o▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ of investments made available by you to Funds on your customers"approved" list. (d) Your compliance with the service requirements set forth in this Agreement will be evaluated by us from time to time by surveying shareholder satisfaction with service, by monitoring redemption levels of shareholder accounts assigned to you and by such other methods as we deem appropriate. (e) The provisions of this Paragraph 4 may be amended by us from time to time upon notice to you.

Required Services. (a) You will assign one of your representatives to each Putnam P▇▇▇▇▇ Fund account on your records and reassign the P▇▇▇▇▇ds and reassign the Putnam ▇ Fund account should ▇▇▇▇ ▇epresentative that representative leave your organization. (b) You and your representatives will assist us and our affiliates in providing the following services to shareholders of the Putnam P▇▇▇▇▇ Funds: (i) Mai▇▇▇▇▇ Maintain regular contact with shareholders in assigned accounts and assist in answering inquiries concerning the Putnam P▇▇▇▇▇ Funds. (ii) As▇▇▇▇ ▇n Assist in distributing sales and service literature provided by us, particularly to the beneficial owners of accounts registered in your name (nominee name accounts). (iii) Assist us and our affiliates in the establishment and maintenance of shareholder accounts and records. (iv) Assist shareholders in effecting administrative changes, such as changing dividend options, account designations, address, automatic investment programs or systematic investment plans. (v) Assist in processing purchase and redemption transactions. (vi) Provide any other information or services as the customer or we may reasonably request. (c) You will grant reasonable requests for visits to your offices by our wholesalers and include all Putnam P▇▇▇▇▇ Funds on your menu o▇ ▇▇▇▇ or list of investments made available by you to your customers. (d) Your compliance with the service requirements set forth in this Agreement will be evaluated by us from time to time by surveying shareholder satisfaction with service, by monitoring redemption levels of shareholder accounts assigned to you and by such other methods as we deem appropriate. (e) The provisions of this Paragraph 4 may be amended by us from time to time upon notice to you.

Required Services. (a) You will assign one of your registered representatives to each Putnam P▇▇▇▇▇ Fund account on your records and reassign the P▇▇▇▇▇ds and reassign the Putnam ▇ Fund account should ▇▇▇▇ ▇epresentative that representative leave your organizationfirm. (b) You and your registered representatives will assist us and our affiliates in providing the following services to shareholders of the Putnam P▇▇▇▇▇ Funds: (i) Mai▇▇▇▇▇ Maintain regular contact with shareholders in assigned accounts and assist in answering inquiries concerning the Putnam P▇▇▇▇▇ Funds. (ii) As▇▇▇▇ ▇n Assist in distributing sales and service literature provided by us, particularly to the beneficial owners of accounts registered in your name (nominee name accounts). (iii) Assist us and our affiliates in the establishment and maintenance of shareholder accounts and records. (iv) Assist shareholders in effecting administrative changes, such as changing dividend options, account designations, address, automatic investment programs or systematic investment plans. (v) Assist in processing purchase and redemption transactions. (vi) Provide any other information or services as the customer or we may reasonably request. (c) You will grant support our marketing efforts by granting reasonable requests for visits to your offices by our wholesalers and include by including all Putnam Funds on your menu o▇ P▇▇▇▇▇ of investments made available by you to Funds on your customers"approved" list. (d) Your compliance with the service requirements set forth in this Agreement will be evaluated by us from time to time by surveying shareholder satisfaction with service, by monitoring redemption levels of shareholder accounts assigned to you and by such other methods as we deem appropriate. (e) The provisions of this Paragraph 4 may be amended by us from time to time upon notice to you.

Required Services. (a) You will assign one of your registered representatives to each Putnam Fund account on your records and reassign the Put▇▇▇ ▇▇nd account should that representative leave you▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ds and reassign the Putnam Fund account should ▇▇▇▇ ▇epresentative leave your organization. (b) You and your registered representatives will assist us and our affiliates in providing the following services to shareholders of the Putnam Funds: (i) Mai▇▇Maintain regular contact w▇▇▇ regular contact with shareholders ▇▇areholders in assigned accounts and assist in answering inquiries concerning the Putnam Funds. (ii) AsAssist in distributing sal▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇n distributing sales and service literature provided by us, particularly to the beneficial owners of accounts registered in your name (nominee name accounts). (iii) Assist us and our affiliates in the establishment and maintenance of shareholder accounts and records. (iv) Assist shareholders in effecting administrative changes, such as changing dividend options, account designations, address, automatic investment programs or systematic investment plans. (v) Assist in processing purchase and redemption transactions. (vi) Provide any other information or services as the customer or we may reasonably request. (c) You will grant support our marketing efforts by granting reasonable requests for visits to your offices by our wholesalers and include by including all Putnam Funds on your menu o▇ ▇▇▇▇ of investments made available by you to your customers"approved" list. (d) Your compliance with complia▇▇▇ ▇▇th the service requirements set forth in this Agreement will be evaluated by us from time to time by surveying shareholder satisfaction with service, by monitoring redemption levels of shareholder accounts assigned to you and by such other methods as we deem appropriate. (e) The provisions of this Paragraph 4 may be amended by us from time to time upon notice to you.