RECORDING PROCEDURE. informal conversation All participants engaged in the informal part of the recordings before the formal part. As such, there was a transition from a kind of small talk in the beginning to formal communication in the end. This coincides with ▇▇▇▇▇’▇ description of the natural development of interaction during ELF business encounters (2009). Following ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. (2010), we tried to make the Spanish participants think that the confederate in the informal part of the recording was just another regular participant. By doing so, we created a speech situation in which the Spanish participant and the Dutch confederate were peers. Approximately ten minutes before the Spanish participant was expected to arrive, the Dutch confed- erate of the corresponding sex (henceforth Confederate 1) also went to the meeting point and waited for HK, as did the Spanish participant. At the agreed time, HK went out to meet the Spanish participant and Confederate 1. ▇▇ introduced himself to both and introduced them to each other. ▇▇ then asked them to wait outside while he made some final preparations. Confederate 1 was instructed to use this time to start up a conversation in order to try and break the ice. HK started the audio and video recordings before returning to get the interlocutors. When entering the recording booth, Confederate 1 always took the same seat, leaving the chair at the head of the table for the Spanish participant. Both interlocutors were asked to put on their microphones and then HK told them that he would leave to get the task they were going to perform, and that it would be good for the project if, in the meantime, they got to know each other. HK did not explicitly mention the recordings, so that the Spanish participant would remain in doubt about whether they would start immediately or only after the speakers had received their task. For this initial part of the informal conversation, Confederate 1 had been instructed to discretely let the Spanish participant speak most of the time. Moreover, in order to diminish the Spanish participants’ potential reluctance about speaking English, Confederate 1 was instructed to make the Spanish participants feel at ease and compliment them on their English if they expressed doubts about their proficiencies. Most conversations started with the interlocutors continuing to introduce themselves: they spoke about their education and daily lives. Quite quickly the conversations turned to other topics, such as the city of Madrid, football, travel and the crisis in Spain. This first part lasted about 25–30 minutes. When the conversation seemed to come to an end, ▇▇ returned to the recording room with a name guessing game. The interlocutors were instructed to, alternately, pick a card which had a name of a public figure (from music, cinema, politics, sports, etc.) on it. They were to describe this public figure to their interlocutor, who had to guess the name on the card. For this part, Confederate 1 was instructed to, whenever possible, keep the conversation going about the name on the card or a related topic. This second part of the informal recordings lasted 15–20 minutes. Then, HK re-entered the recording room and invited the Spanish participant and Confederate 1 to take a short break outside the recording booth.
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Sources: End User Agreement, End User Agreement