PhD Dissertation. Harvard Univer- sity. ZHANG, Zhan 2019. ‘Sogdians in Khotan.’ The Silk Road Journal, 16 [2018], 30–43. ZIEME, Peter 1997. ‘“Silk” and “Wad” in Old Turkish Terminology. A Case of Ex- change on the Silk Roads and Beyond.’ Türk Dilleri Araştirmalari, 7, 149–155. Chapter 3 treated the etymology of two Niya Prakrit words which seem to have originated in Greek but must have been borrowed via a Bactrian intermediary, i.e. ks̄.una ‘date, reign, regnal year’ (§3.2.1 s.v.) and the measure of weight milima (§3.2.2 s.v.).973 For five other Greek loanwords in Niya Prakrit, a Bactrian intermediary cannot be proved. Their etymology is briefly examined in this appendix.974 1. khi, a unit of measure Attestations of the base form DIR.SG. khi:975 CKD 2 (10x); 108 (8x); 131; 142; 151; 154 (2x); 167 (5x); 196, etc. INS.SG. khiyena: CKD 580 DIR.PL. khi: CKD 25; 60 (2x); 67 (2x); 76 (7x); 89; 93 (20x); 94 (4x); 98; 104; 108 (khi[y](*e)?): CKD 656 khi is a frequently attested measure in the Niya documents, mainly but not exclusively used for weighing corn and wine. In CKD 465, twenty khi is shown to equal one milima, a ratio confirmed by CKD 108, where 43 khi of corn correspond to two milima and three khi (cf. KD: 341; 363). A few scholars have compared khi to the Khotanese measure kha (e.g. Bailey 1946: 767; Yoshida 2008: 106 fn. 21). 976 Yet, this comparison is doubtful, as kha has been argued to be a Tibetan loanword (Emmerick 1985: 973 In §3.2.4 s.v., I additionally rejected the derivation of kilme ‘household’ from Gr. κλίμα ‘slope of a mountain, (large) region’ on semantic grounds. 974 Personal names of Greek origin are conspicuously absent from the Niya documents (Baums 2018c: 43 fn. 2; 2023: 115 fn. 1). For a detailed study of the Greek political offices attested in Gāndhārī inscriptions, see Candotti & Giudice (2024). 975 For the attestations of khi, I adopt the same principle as for the related unit of measurement milima (§3.2.2 s.v.): instances followed by the numeral signs “1” and “½” are classified as dir.sg., and the remaining ones (also debatable cases) as dir.pl. 976 The same unit of measurement may also be attested in Tumshuqese (cf. Ogihara & Ching 2024: 310 fn. 27). 301f.), in which case the word would have been adopted too late into Khotanese for it to be relevant for Niya Prakrit. Burrow (1935b: 669; LKD: 86 s.v.) made a more attractive comparison with the Greek unit of measurement χοῦς. This etymology is supported by the fact that the related measure milima can also be traced back to a Greek term, i.e. μέδιμνος. milima can be shown to have passed through a Bactrian intermediary, as the -l- in milima would otherwise remain unaccounted for (§3.2.2 s.v.). Consequently, it is worth considering that khi also passed through Bactrian. As there is, however, no conclusive linguistic argument to prove a Bactrian intermediary for khi, I did not include this word among the Bactrian borrowings discussed in Chapters 3–4.977 The main issue with Burrow’s etymology is why χοῦς, phonologically
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