Common use of Parents’ education Clause in Contracts

Parents’ education. About 7 students in 10 report that their father (72%) or mother (75%) completed at least some post-secondary education. Slightly more than 1 in 10 students (14%) are first-generation students (that is, neither their father nor their mother took any post-secondary education). Although not statistically significant, Group 1 (17%) students are slightly more likely than Group 2 (15%) or Group 3 (12%) students to be first-generation students. See Table 14 and Table 15 for the levels of education students report their mother and father achieved. Less than high school 6% 6% 5% 5% 7% High school graduate 15% 18% 15% 13% 22% Some college, CEGEP, or technical school 7% 9% 6% 7% 10% College, CEGEP, or technical school graduate 20% 21% 21% 19% 22% Some university 6% 7% 5% 7% 5% University graduate 28% 24% 29% 28% 16% Professional degree 5% 4% 4% 7% 4% Graduate degree 9% 7% 8% 11% 6% Other 1% <1% <1% 1% 6% Don't know 4% 3% 5% 3% 1% Less than high school 8% 11% 7% 8% 19% High school graduate 14% 17% 14% 12% 22% Some college, CEGEP, or technical school 6% 7% 6% 6% 6% College, CEGEP, or technical school graduate 19% 22% 18% 18% 17% Some university 4% 5% 4% 4% 6% University graduate 25% 19% 28% 24% 10% Professional degree 6% 4% 5% 8% 5% Graduate degree 12% 8% 11% 15% 5% Other <1% 1% <1% <1% 4% Don't know 5% 5% 6% 4% 6% Institutions submitted students’ programs of study. These programs were grouped into nine broadly defined disciplines, as shown in Table 16. First-year students plan to receive degrees in the following: ► Generalist disciplines. About 3 students in 10 plan to get a degree in a generalist discipline, which includes either Arts and Humanities (16%) or Social Science (12%) programs. ► Specialized disciplines. About 3 students in 10 plan to graduate from a professional discipline, which includes Business (13%), Professional (8%), Engineering (6%), and Education (4%) programs. Group 1 students (1%) are much less likely to be in an Engineering program than Group 2 (10%) and Group 3 (5%) students, but more likely to be in an Education program (7% for Group 1 versus 4% for Group 3 and 2% for Group 2 students). ► Science disciplines. About 1 in 5 students plan to graduate with a science degree either from a Biological (12%) or Physical Science (9%) program. Arts and Humanities 16% 16% 17% 14% 1% Business 13% 11% 17% 11% 3% Social Science 12% 9% 15% 10% Biological Science 12% 12% 12% 11% Physical Science 9% 6% 10% 11% Professional 8% 9% 8% 8% Engineering 6% 1% 10% 5% Education 4% 7% 2% 4% Other fields <1% <1% <1% 1% Don't know 19% 29% 8% 24% 96% Several demographic characteristics appear to be closely related to students’ subject area. These include the following: ► There is a difference among disciplines and the proportion of students in these disciplines that identify as being a visible minority. Engineering (53%) and Business (48%) programs have the highest proportion of minority students. Conversely, students in Education (14%) have the lowest proportion, as it is the only major with fewer than 24% of students self-reporting as a member of a visible minority. ► Age also appears to play a role in students’ selection of discipline, as those 20 or older are overrepresented in Education and Professional disciplines. Overall, 12% of students are 20 years or older, but 25% of Education and 21% of Professional students are 20 or older.

Parents’ education. About 7 students in 10 report that their father (72%) or mother (75%) completed at least some post-secondary education. Slightly more than 1 in 10 students (14%) are first-generation students (that is, neither their father nor their mother took any post-secondary education). Although not statistically significant, Group 1 (17%) students are slightly more likely than Group 2 (15%) or Group 3 (12%) students to be first-generation students. See Table 14 and Table 15 for the levels of education students report their mother and father achieved. Less than high school 6% 6% 5% 5% 73% High school graduate 15% 18% 15% 13% 2212% Some college, CEGEP, or technical school 7% 9% 6% 7% 109% College, CEGEP, or technical school graduate 20% 21% 21% 19% 2216% Some university 6% 7% 5% 7% 53% University graduate 28% 24% 29% 28% 1626% Professional degree 5% 4% 4% 7% 48% Graduate degree 9% 7% 8% 11% 615% Other 1% <1% <1% 1% 61% Don't know 4% 3% 5% 3% 15% Less than high school 8% 11% 7% 8% 195% High school graduate 14% 17% 14% 12% 2212% Some college, CEGEP, or technical school 6% 7% 6% 6% 6% College, CEGEP, or technical school graduate 19% 22% 18% 18% 1715% Some university 4% 5% 4% 4% 65% University graduate 25% 19% 28% 24% 1025% Professional degree 6% 4% 5% 8% 58% Graduate degree 12% 8% 11% 15% 516% Other <1% 1% <1% <1% 4<1% Don't know 5% 5% 6% 4% 67% Institutions submitted students’ programs of study. These programs were grouped into nine broadly defined disciplines, as shown in Table 16. First-year students plan to receive degrees in the following: ► Generalist disciplines. About 3 students in 10 plan to get a degree in a generalist discipline, which includes either Arts and Humanities (16%) or Social Science (12%) programs. ► Specialized disciplines. About 3 students in 10 plan to graduate from a professional discipline, which includes Business (13%), Professional (8%), Engineering (6%), and Education (4%) programs. Group 1 students (1%) are much less likely to be in an Engineering program than Group 2 (10%) and Group 3 (5%) students, but more likely to be in an Education program (7% for Group 1 versus 4% for Group 3 and 2% for Group 2 students). ► Science disciplines. About 1 in 5 students plan to graduate with a science degree either from a Biological (12%) or Physical Science (9%) program. Arts and Humanities 16% 16% 17% 14% 112% Business 13% 11% 17% 11% 3% Social Science 12% 9% 15% 10% 16% Biological Science 12% 12% 12% 11% 13% Physical Science 9% 6% 10% 11% 8% Professional 8% 9% 8% 8% 1% Engineering 6% 1% 10% 5% 1% Education 4% 7% 2% 4% 4% Other fields <1% <1% <1% 1% Don't know 19% 29% 8% 24% 9641% Several demographic characteristics appear to be closely related to students’ subject area. These include the following: ► There is a difference among disciplines and the proportion of students in these disciplines that identify as being a visible minority. Engineering (53%) and Business (48%) programs have the highest proportion of minority students. Conversely, students in Education (14%) have the lowest proportion, as it is the only major with fewer than 24% of students self-reporting as a member of a visible minority. ► Age also appears to play a role in students’ selection of discipline, as those 20 or older are overrepresented in Education and Professional disciplines. Overall, 12% of students are 20 years or older, but 25% of Education and 21% of Professional students are 20 or older.