Common use of Obesity Clause in Contracts

Obesity. Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a serious adverse effect on health, leading to an increase in chronic disease and mortality [275, 276]. The worldwide epidemic of obesity is primarily due to an imbalance between physical activity and dietary energy intake. A sedentary lifestyle coupled with an unhealthy diet resulting in obesity markedly increases the risk of CVD [277]. Serious complications to health as a result of obesity include type 2 diabetes [278], cancer and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [278, 279]. Just as importantly, obesity leads to a high prevalence of CVD including ischemic heart disease (IHD) [280], angina and MI, congestive heart failure (CHF) [276], deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and PE [281]. Systemic hypertension, pulmonary hypertension (left ventricular failure, chronic hypoxia), and CHD all occur with disproportionately high frequency in obese individuals and may cause or contribute to alterations in cardiac structure and function [282, 283]. The risk of sudden cardiac death is also increased in obesity. The Framingham Study [283], reported that the annual sudden cardiac mortality rate in obese men and women was estimated to be 40 times higher than the rate of unexplained cardiac arrest in a matched non-obese population [284, 285].