Kinetics Sample Clauses
The 'Kinetics' clause defines the rates and mechanisms by which certain processes or reactions occur within the scope of the agreement. In practical terms, this clause may specify how quickly a chemical reaction must proceed, the conditions under which it is measured, or the standards for evaluating reaction speed and efficiency. By establishing clear expectations for process timing and performance, the clause ensures both parties understand the required pace and quality of deliverables, thereby reducing disputes and ensuring project timelines are met.
Kinetics. Behavioral Objectives: Students will demonstrate competency by:
Kinetics. As part of the Initial Advance, $1,000,000 of the Loan proceeds shall be disbursed to pay a portion of the outstanding amounts owed to Kinetics, subject to the provisions of subsection 10(g) below.
Kinetics.
2.3.1 Crowders vs. viscogens ▇▇▇▇▇ et al. investigated the effects of macromolecular crowding on transcription initiation by E. coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) [2]. With up to 40% of the overall volume of the cytoplasm taken up by macromolecules [8, 11, 7, 10, 18, 12], E. coli cells present a dense environment that is likely to affect biological reactions, as com- pared to the same reactions in buffer [73, 74, 75, 76], due to the drastic increase in viscosity that slow macromolecular motions and kinetics [77, 78].The volume ex- clusion due to this level of crowding affects the thermodynamics and/or kinetics of reacting molecules. Transcription is often investigated in vitro [79, 80, 81] yielding results that sometimes differ from in vivo observations, in part due to environmen- tal factors such as the macromolecular crowding [82, 83]. ▇▇▇▇▇ et al. found that only large crowders affect transcription kinetics in other ways than viscosity. Mea- surements were conducted using in vitro quenching-based single-molecules kinetics assays. Microviscosity measurements were conducted using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The microviscosity for RNAP-Promoter complexes were mea- sured under various ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ conditions, and all measurements were performed at 25◦C using a confocal microscope with a continuous wavelength laser at 532 nm. The transcription initiation quenched-kinetics assay quantified the number of transcripts at each time point, defined by the time a reaction quencher was added [84]. Once the transcription reaction is stopped by the quencher, the added ssDNA FRET probes hybridize to the transcribed RNAs during an incubation period. Transcription initia- tion was tested with 25% Glycerol, 15% PEG8000, 15% Ficoll70, and 5% Dextran500 (w/v). Transcription initiation rates in buffer were also measured as a reference for behavior in the absence of viscogens or macromolecular crowders. Measurements re- vealed that rates of elongation in polymer solutions such as PEG, Dextran, or Ficoll, are faster than the kinetics in 25% glycerol, even though the viscosities of the polymer solutions are much higher than that of 25% glycerol. Since the effective viscosity in a crowded medium (the microviscosity) could differ from the bulk viscosity of the medium [85, 86, 87], FCS experiments were performed to estimate the actual ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇- ties experienced under various crowding environments. FCS measurements showed that microviscosities for the large crowders, Ficoll70 a...
Kinetics. Case I ( polymer and crosslinker only )