Freely available data Clause Samples
Freely available data. This section summarises the atmospheric observations that are freely available to use. Most of these data are collected and used in CAMS, but additional datasets are listed as well.
1. Public data are available from 11 stations, and ranging from point measurements on the ground (ground based in-situ) to remote sensing instruments, contributing to 12 national, regional or global monitoring networks. Ground based in-situ, aerosol composition Organic and inorganic, heavy metals Alert, Nuuk, Summit, Zeppelin AMAP, EMEP Ground based in-situ, aerosol optical properties Light absorption, light scatter and backscatter, vertical distribution, black carbon Alert, Zeppelin Summit, ▇▇▇, ACTRIS NOAA, Ground based in-situ, aerosol physical properties Number concentration, distribution Size Alert, Zeppelin ▇▇▇, ACTRIS NOAA, Ground based gas phase in-situ OVOCs, Halocarbons Alert, Zeppelin AMAP, ▇▇▇, EMEP, ACTRIS Ground based in-situ Ozone Eureka, Alert, Nuuk, Summit, Zeppelin ▇▇▇, NOAA, AMAP, EMEP Aerosol chemical species Alert AMAP OVOCs Alert, Zeppelin AMAP, EMEP ▇▇▇, NO2 Zeppelin EMEP, AMAP, ▇▇▇ CCNC Zeppelin ▇▇▇ Size distribution Zeppelin ACTRIS, EMEP, ▇▇▇ N2O Zeppelin EMEP CH4 Zeppelin EMEP, ICOS CO2 Zeppelin ▇▇▇, ICOS CO Zeppelin EMEP, ICOS Halocarbons Zeppelin ▇▇▇, ACTRIS Sonde O3 Alert, Eureka, Ny- Ålesund, Thule, Resolute, Goose Bay NDACC, WOUDC Aerosol backscatter Alert, Thule NDACC FTIR spectrometer, column and profile C2H2, C2H6, CH3OH, CH4, ClONO2, CO, HCl, HCN, HCOOH, HF, HNO3, N2O, O3 Eureka, Ny-Ålesund, Thule NDACC, WOUDC LIDAR Aerosol Eureka, Ny-Ålesund, Thule NDACC O3 Eureka, Ny-Ålesund NDACC DOAS UV-VIS spectrometer, column and profile NO2, Aerosol, H2CO, BrO, O3 Eureka, Ny-Ålesund, Sodankylä NDACC, Pandonia SAOZ UV-VIS spectrometer, column O3, NO2 Ny-Ålesund, Thule NDACC Microwave radiometer ClO, O3, N2O Ny-Ålesund, Thule NDACC Aircraft O3, CO Arctic flights IAGOS AOD A few Acrtic stations AERONET Ship, Polarstern CH4, CO2 Arctic Ocean ICOS FTIR TCCON CO2, CH4, N2O, HF, CO, H2O, HDO Eureka, Ny-Ålesund, Sondakylä TCCON
2.1. Overview of measurement principles, components, stations and networks in Arctic areas, relevant for CAMS and included in the current report.
Figure 3.2.1 The geographical distribution of atmospheric chemistry stations in the high-Arctic, providing free and open ground based and remote sensing in-situ data through various programs, networks and data archives (as listed in the 3rd column of table 3.
2.1) ICOS is the Integrated Carbon ...
Freely available data. The Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW) is the WMO programme for monitoring the cryosphere. It is establishing a core network of surface observation sites, the CryoNet, which covers all parts of the cryosphere (ice sheets, ice shelves, glaciers, permafrost, snow, sea ice, river/lake ice) and also contributes to the standardization of best practices and easy access to data. The CryoNet is built from existing stations. A station has to fulfil a set of requirements to be accepted as a CryoNet station: cryosphere measurements should be representative of the surrounding region, the responsible agency must be committed to sustain long-term operations, metadata should be kept up-to-date and made available for the GCW Portal, instruments, methods and QC should follow GCW regulations and best practices, data must be made freely available, in near real-time when possible.
Figure 3.4.1 Location of Arctic CryoNet stations The GCW network also includes a number of contributing stations that do not fulfil all the CryoNet requirements. These stations may, however, provide valuable data and help close the gap related to the sparse coverage of data in the Arctic. The GCW Data Portal is so far a pre-operational service. It consists of metadata from a number of data centres, but the actual data are still provided through the interfaces supported by the originating data centre.
Freely available data. Real-time atmospheric observations from a multitude of sources are being shared globally via the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) of the WMO Information System (WIS). GTS is implemented and operated by National Meteorological Services and International Organizations, such as ECMWF and EUMETSAT, to ensure that all WMO Members have timely and reliable access to all meteorological and related data, forecasts and alerts. GTS data are exchanged according to WMO Resolution 40 (Cg. XII) and Resolution 25 (Cg XIII) for meteorological, and hydrological data respectively. Annex 1 to Resolution 40 defines a set of essential data that each member shall exchange without charge and with no conditions on use. Each member should provide as many data as possible, but at least those that will assist in defining the state of the atmosphere at least on a scale of the order of 200 km horizontal resolution and six to 12 hours in time. The essential data thus include, 6-hourly SYNOP data, all marine in situ observations, all available aircraft reports as well as all data from upper air sounding networks.
Figure 3.1.1 Arctic surface observations from SYNOP stations, ships and drifting buoys. The map shows data used in the Arctic Reanalysis project; these are mainly received from GTS.
Figure 3.1.1 shows a typical distribution of surface observations by SYNOP stations, ships and drifting buoys. While the density over land is reasonable, there are large gaps over the Arctic oceans and the inner Arctic. In particular, there is a lack of observations over northern and eastern Greenland, east of Svalbard, east of the ▇▇▇▇ delta, around the ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Bay, over the Labrador Sea as well as over large parts of the coastal areas of Nunavut and Yukon.