Five Outer Space Conventions Sample Clauses

Five Outer Space Conventions. The United States of America’s Status Overall, the United States is a party to four outer space conventions.286 In respect of the first convention, the Outer Space Treaty 1967,287 the United States signed the Treaty on 27 January 1967, the date on which it was opened for signature to all states. When the Outer Space Treaty 1967 came into force on 10 October 1967, the United States Government ratified the Treaty the very same day.288 Such ratification reflects, under the United States’ 282 Some information on the United States space policies with respect to its leadership in space is available in, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, supra note 251, at 374-377. See also Section 20102(d)(5), National Aeronautics and Space Act 2010, infra note 326. 283 The ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Space Centre is the main launch site operated by NASA. Its headquarters are in ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Island, Florida. Its former name was Launch Operation Centre, established in July 1962. In late 1963, it was renamed the ▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Space Centre to honour the President who put America on the path to the moon. See ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/centers/▇▇▇▇▇▇▇/about/history/index.html, accessed: 25 January 2013. 284 Wallops Flight Facility is NASA’s small launch centre. See ▇▇▇▇://▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/wiki/Wallops_Flight_Facility, accessed: 26 January 2013. 285 Cape Canaveral Air Force Station is governed by the United States Department of Defense. It is located at the southeast of NASA’s ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Space Centre on the adjacent ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Island. It is an installation of the United States Air Force Space Command’s 45th Space Wing, and a primary launch head of the United States Eastern Range with several launch pads currently active. A number of major United States early space explorations were launched from this station. These include the first United States satellite (1958), the first United States astronaut (1961), and many others. However, when a gradual decline occurred in most operations, and it could no longer house new rocket facilities, most operations were transferred to the nearby ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Space Centre. See ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇▇/nr/travel/aviation/cap.htm, and ▇▇▇▇://▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station, both accessed: 25 January 2013. 286 The conventions are: the Outer Space Treaty 1967, the Rescue Agreement 1968, the Liability Convention 1972, and the Registration Convention 1975, except the Moon Agreement 1979. See United Nations, United Nations Treaties and Principles on Outer Space and Related General Assembly Resol...

Five Outer Space Conventions. Australia’s Status Australia is a party to all five United Nations outer space conventions.129 Australia signed the first outer space convention, the Outer Space Treaty 1967,130 on 27 January 1967, the date it Councils which included the Space Council. See ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/SPACEPOLICYUNIT/NATIONALSPACEPOLICY/Pages/default.aspx; and ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/SPACEINDUSTRYINNOVATIONCOUNCIL/Pages/default.aspx, both accessed: 16 January 2013. 124 See ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇, and ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, supra note 119, at 44. 125 See ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/SPACEPOLICYUNIT/NATIONALSPACEPOLICY/Pages/default.aspx, accessed: 15 January 2013. 126 See ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/SpaceIndustryInnovationCouncil/Pages/default.aspx, accessed: 15 January 2013. 127 Its website is available at ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/About, accessed: 15 January 2013. 128 See supra note 116. 129 These conventions are: the Outer Space Treaty 1967, the Rescue Agreement 1968, the Liability Convention 1972, the Registration Convention 1975, and the Moon Agreement 1979. See United Nations, supra note 23. 130 Outer Space Treaty 1967, supra note 24. was opened for signature for all states. On 10 October the same year, the date when the Outer Space Treaty 1967 entered into force, Australia ratified the Treaty.131 From this date, Australia has been bound by its international obligation to observe and comply with the legal rules set forth in the Outer Space Treaty 1967. The second agreement was the Rescue Agreement 1968.132 Australia indicated its early interest in becoming a party to the Rescue Agreement 1968 by signing the Agreement on 22 April 1968. This was the date when the Rescue Agreement 1968 was opened to signature for all states. However, Australia ratified this Agreement only on 18 March 1986, approximately 18 years after the date of its entry into force, on 3 December 1968.133 This shows that Australia took about 18 years to consider becoming a party to the Agreement after its signature date. The third was the Liability Convention 1972,134 to which became a party by accession135. The state acceded to the Liability Convention 1972 on 20 January 1975, about three years after its date of entry into force on, 1 September 1972.136 The fourth United Nations outer space convention was the Registration Convention 1975,137 to which Australia became a party by accession. The accession date was 11 March 1986. Such accession took place only 10 years after the Convention entered into force, 15 September 1976.138 The la...

Five Outer Space Conventions. Brunei’s Status

Five Outer Space Conventions. Singapore’s Status