Exascale Computing Sample Clauses

Exascale Computing. We previously mentioned ▇▇▇▇▇'▇ law. ▇▇▇▇▇’▇ law states that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years. This law formulated in 1965 not only proved to be true, but it also translated into the doubling of the computing capacity of cores every 24 months. This was possible not only by increasing the number of transistors but also by increasing the frequency at which they worked. However, we can say that in the last few years the end of this paradigm seems to have arrived. The reason is that the performance of a single core is no longer increasing at the same pace. There are three main reasons for this: caches between the processor and the main memory, increasing the sizes of these caches and adding more levels of caching. But memory bandwidth is still a problem that has not been solved. Nevertheless, computer technologists are also focussed on making exascale machines, but they cannot rely on increasing the performance of a single core as they used to. The workaround is that the number of cores and accelerators per chip and per node has grown fast in the recent years, along with the number of nodes in a cluster. This is pushing research into more complex memory hierarchies and network topologies. Once exascale machines are available, the challenge is to have applications that can make efficient use of them by scaling to these levels. The increase in complexity of the hardware is a challenge for scientific application developers because their codes must run efficiently on more complex hardware and address a higher level of parallelism at both shared and distributed memory levels. This is where co-design is essential, and where we have invested time to adjust and update our codes to run efficiently on these future archetectures. Co-design implies a mutual effort of hardware developers, system integrators, and application developers to build future compute platforms together with performant software that runs on them. Being a domain-science centric ▇▇▇ covering a broad range of applications, we see our main contribution on the software side. We will mainly address two aspects namely, support and guidelines for code adaptation and porting (software co-design) and performance modelling for future simulations that can be used for the design of new hardware and systems (hardware co-design). For both aspects, we need reliable data, which we obtain by setting up a scalable CompBioMed benchmark suite. It will cover th...
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Related to Exascale Computing

  • Cloud Computing The National Institute for Standards and Technology defines cloud computing as a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. For more information see NIST Special Publication 800-145. Cloud Service Provider (CSP): A company or institution that offers some component of cloud computing to other businesses or individual, typically Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS) or Platform as a Service (PaaS), as defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. For more information see NIST Special Publication 800-145. Data Access Request (DAR): A request submitted to a Data Access Committee for a specific “consent group” specifying the data to which access is sought, the planned research use, and the names of collaborators and the IT Director. The DAR is signed by the PI requesting the data and her/his Institutional Signing Official. Requester Collaborators and project team members on a request must be from the same organization.

  • Gross Income Allocation If any Partner has a deficit Capital Account at the end of any Fiscal Year which is in excess of the sum of (i) the amount such Partner is obligated to restore, if any, pursuant to any provision of this Agreement, and (ii) the amount such Partner is deemed to be obligated to restore pursuant to the penultimate sentences of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5), each such Partner shall be specially allocated items of Partnership income and gain in the amount of such excess as quickly as possible; provided that an allocation pursuant to this Section 5.05(c) shall be made only if and to the extent that a Partner would have a deficit Capital Account in excess of such sum after all other allocations provided for in this Article V have been tentatively made as if Section 5.05(b) and this Section 5.05(c) were not in this Agreement.

  • Time Computation Saturday, Sunday and holidays recognized by this Agreement shall not be counted under the time procedures established in this Agreement.

  • Balance Computation Method For all accounts, dividends are calculated by the daily balance method, which applies a daily periodic rate to the balance in the account each day. Dividends will begin to accrue on the business day you deposit non-cash items (e.g., checks) to your account if deposited before the close of business. If you close any of your dividend earning accounts before dividends are credited you may not receive the accrued dividends up to the date of account closure.

  • VALUATION SUPPORT AND COMPUTATION ACCOUNTING SERVICES BNY Mellon shall provide the following valuation support and computation accounting services for each Fund:  Journalize investment, capital share and income and expense activities;  Maintain individual ledgers for investment securities;  Maintain historical tax lots for each security;  Corporate action processing as more fully set forth in the SLDs;  Reconcile cash and investment balances of each Fund with the Fund’s custodian or other counterparties as applicable;  Provide a Fund’s investment adviser, as applicable, with the cash balance available for investment purposes at start-of-day and upon request, as agreed by the parties;  Calculate capital gains and losses;  Calculate daily distribution rate per share;  Determine net income;  Obtain security market quotes and currency exchange rates from pricing services approved by a Fund’s investment adviser, or if such quotes are unavailable, then obtain such prices from the Fund’s investment adviser, and in either case, calculate the market value of each Fund’s investments in accordance with the Fund's valuation policies or guidelines; provided, however, that BNY Mellon shall not under any circumstances be under a duty to independently price or value any of the Fund's investments, including securities lending related cash collateral investments (with the exception of the services provided hereunder to Funds utilized for such cash collateral investments), itself or to confirm or validate any information or valuation provided by the investment adviser or any other pricing source, nor shall BNY Mellon have any liability relating to inaccuracies or otherwise with respect to such information or valuations; notwithstanding the foregoing, BNY Mellon shall follow the established procedures and controls to identify exceptions, tolerance breaches, etc. and to research and resolve or escalate any pricing inaccuracies;  Application of the established automated price validation rules against prices received from third party vendors and review of exceptions as identified;  Calculate Net Asset Value in the manner specified in the Fund’s Offering Materials (which, for the service described herein, shall include the Fund’s Net Asset Value error policy);  Calculate Accumulated Unit Values (“AUV”) for select funds as mutually agreed upon between the parties;  Transmit or make available a copy of the daily portfolio valuation to a Fund’s investment adviser;  Calculate yields, portfolio dollar-weighted average maturity and dollar-weighted average life as applicable; and  Calculate portfolio turnover rate for inclusion in the annual and semi-annual shareholder reports.  For money market funds, obtain security market quotes and calculate the market-value Net Asset Value in accordance with the Fund’s valuation policies and guidelines at such times and frequencies as required by regulation and/or instruction from TRP.