Adsorption Isotherm Determination Sample Clauses

Adsorption Isotherm Determination. The adsorption isotherm relates to the amount of substance adsorbed at an equilibrium to adsorptive pressure in the gas phase [1, 2], at a given temperature. The adsorbed amount is given by a number of moles or by the corresponding volume at STP conditions. As the temperature of adsorption is usually lower than the critical temperature of the adsorptive, the adsorbed amount is generally given as a function of the relative pressure, i.e. the pressure in the gas phase, p, divided by the saturation pressure, ps at the same temperature. In these conditions the adsorption isotherm can be represented for a given gas-solid pair by: v = f (p / ps)T (l ) where v is the amount adsorbed, p/ ps the relative pressure and T the temperature. Whether the v values are determined for increasing the pressure (from p/ps ~0 up to p/ps = 1) or decreasing the pressure (from p/ps = 1 down to p/ps ~ 0), the adsorption branch or desorption branch of the isotherm is obtained. In genera1, the two branches of the isotherm do not coincide with each other: there is a hysteresis loop, characteristic of the "mean shape" of the pores present in the solid. To obtain an accurate determination of the adsorption-desorption isotherms two different methods can be used:  the gravimetric method where the weight variations of the solid samp1e are determined for increasing or decreasing the vapour pressure. This method is very accurate but it calls for a very sensitive and sophisticated microbalance  the volumetric method where the volume of adsorbed species is determined as a function of the pressure. This method is in principle less accurate than the gravimetric method but it is extensively used because only a rather simple glass apparatus is needed Whatever the experimental method used, the reliability of the results will depend on the knowledge of the actual working temperature. If nitrogen (or argon) is the adsorptive, the adsorption isotherms are determined at liquid nitrogen (or argon) temperature, by using a Xxxxx containing the corresponding liquid. It is essential to keep the temperature constant throughout the experiment:  The sample bulb must be immersed to a depth of at least 5 cm below the liquid nitrogen (or argon) level.  The liquid bath must be kept in the boiling state, for example by bubb1ing the corresponding gas through the liquid.  The level of liquid nitrogen in the bath must be kept constant to within a few millimetres, preferably by means of an automatic device. A sligh...
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