Abstract ข้อกำหนดตัวอย่าง

Abstract. The research entitled, “The Royal Thai Police Principle of Good Governance for appointing Police Officer” aims to explore problems and obstacles in the police officers’ appointment and compare the appointment patterns during the change of command in order to propose guidelines for the police officer’s appointment. The qualitative research was conducted by collecting data from the Royal Thai Police Management and specialists in police force management, for examples, Royal Thai Police Inspector General, Deputy Commissioner-General, Assistant Commissioner, Commissioner of Personnel Office, Royal Thai Police, the Police Commission, Royal Thai Police Policy Making Board, the Civil Service Commission, and the Public Sector Development Commission. According to the research findings, representatives from the Royal Thai Police at first glance agreed that senior police whose names appeared on the rooster were dependable and suitable for appointment, but after carefully reconsidered, it seemed that some names had been selected by using the patronage system. This may initiate the complaint to the Civil Service Commission, and the Public Sector Development Commission from those who missed the promotion. In addition, the percentage of judgment criteria on the senior roster needed adjustment because it is as high as 33 percent, which should be lower to make it the most fairness judgment. Even though the police officers under the Royal Thai Police, both from the Central and Provincial Police Office agreed with selection process for senior roster and potential candidate list that were already passed fine screening, they suggested updating the application of criteria according to the filing complaints that clearly asking for revision on the potential candidate list with transparent and elaborated details that truly support the appointment. The problems and obstacles in the police officer’s appointment and guidelines for solving problems as being told during the interview with targeted group are as follows:
Abstract. This research is aimed at studying “Change Thailand Movement” supporters. It examines the supporters’ socio-economic characteristics, political thoughts, and identities. In terms of their political thoughts, it examines the worldviews and beliefs on which their political thoughts are based. It also assesses if these worldviews and beliefs are consistent with democracy. In terms of their identities, the research examines the ways in which the supporters identify themselves as well as their rivals and the actions that these identities led to. This research finds that the “Change Thailand Movement” supporters primarily consist of two groups: the urban middle class from the middle level upwards especially in Bangkok, and the regional middle class from the middle level downwards especially from the South. Although these two groups differ from each other in terms of economic and social status, they share the same political thoughts which are based on religious beliefs or what the research calls “good man’s politics.” This kind of politics fundamentally differs from democracy in two aspects. Firstly, it holds that the ruler’s power is tied to his/her personal merit and virtue, not the will of the majority, and as a result it does not have to be under checks and balances as in democracy. Public office holders are not held accountable to the people, but to the one who possesses the highest degree of merit and morality, which is the king. Secondly, it holds that fundamentally individuals are not equal because they possess different degrees of merit and morality. Consequently, individuals should not have equal political rights; a “good man” should have more political rights than a “bad man” does. As such, rather than an emancipative force like the middle class in many countries, the middle-class supporters of the “Change Thailand Movement” who adopt “good man’s politics” are part of the conservative force. The “Change Thailand Movement” supporters identify themselves on several levels. On the immediate level, they identify themselves in terms of ethnicity and region. The urban middle class identify themselves as “Chinese descendants” whereas residents of the South identify themselves as “the Southerners.” Although the two identities are distinctive, they uphold in common loyalty to the monarchy as articulated through the self-epithets of “the masses under royal auspices” and “the king’s people” that were prevalent in the PDRC’s rally. In addition, they identify thems...
Abstract. The aims of this descriptive research included: (1) to study the information cognition about the ASEAN Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) on Engineering Services of Thai engineers and (2) to study the readiness of Thai engineers for dealing with such MRA. Samples, using the proposive sampling, included 17 professional engineers who attended in the seminar of the Consulting Engineers Association of Thailand, namely, “The opportunity of consulting engineers for going to the ASEAN Economic Community”. A questionnaire was conducted, through a research instrument, based on the theories of attitude and human behavior. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistic. The findings showed that the samples had the overall information cognition at moderate level. Examining in detail, it was found that the information cognition of in-depth ขอมูลระดบ ในปานกลางค่อนไปทางนอย โดยเฉพาะเร่ือง elements (i.e., the detail of MRA and the progress of MRA ความกาวหนาของการดาเนินงาน ส่วนในดานสภาพความ พร้อมสําหรับขอตกลง ฯ กลุ่มตวอย่างเห็นว่าสภาพความ พร้อมของท้งตนเองและประเทศไทยอยใู นระดบปานกลาง จากผลการศึกษาท่ีได้ ผวู้ ิจยเสนอแนะใหร้ ัฐบาลหรือผู มีหน้าท่ีรับผิดชอบเผยแพร่ขอมูลเก่ียวกับรายละเอียดใน ขอตกลง ฯ และความกาวหนาของการดาเนินงานใหมากข้ึน progress of MRA.
Abstract. The synthesis of rubber research results of 2012 was mainly initiated from many sources of data such as details on 44 projects supported by the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) and the Thailand Research Fund (TRF), 6 month progressreports and draft final reports, evaluation of specialist, project monitoring meetings, and site visits on selected projects. In addition, gap analysiswas conducted at 2 levels. One is the comparison between the National Rubber Research Strategies during 2012-2016 and the Rubber Development Strategies during 2009-2013 and another one is the comparison between rubber research projects in 2012 and the National Rubber Research Strategies during 2012-2016. Moreover, the project evaluation forms were also adjusted to be more appropriate and more complete. The following results were founded as (1) Most of the projects are under the strategy of developing new and old products but budget was mainly allocated to the strategy of rubber policy enhancement while researches supporting the strategy of developing production technology efficiency and the strategy of export supporting are limited, (2) The Rubber Development Strategies during 2009-2013 and the National Rubber Research Strategies during 2012-2016 are both similar and different objectives, strategies, and guidelines, (3) The targets of supported projects do not totally reflect the targets ofthe National Rubber Research Strategies, (4) The project evaluation forms of NRCT and TRF have some issues needed to be adjusting and increasing the completion following the academic concept for such forms as proposal evaluation form, research plan evaluation form, project progressive evaluation form, and draft final report evaluation form, (5) Most supported research projects can fulfill all the activities and meet the objectives accomplishment as shown in project proposals, however, they can’t efficiently implement according to timing. Moreover, many of them are under academic qualification and can’t be instantly commercialized since the under qualified of researchers, inadequate, inaccuracy, and unpunctuality of data, mostly the basic researches which needed to be further developed for commercialization such as conducting forums among stakeholders, testing on others sites, and conducting cost-benefit analysis, etc. Additionally, there are some structural problems such as lacking of connection systembetween business research needs and researchers which resulting in the non-related b...
Abstract. “เงิน” เป็นสิ่งสำคัญในชีวิตประจำวัน และสิ่งที่เรียกว่าเงินก็มีหลายรูปแบบ อาทิ ธนบัตร เหรียญ ตัวเลขในบัญชีธนาคาร หรือในกระเป๋าเงินดิจิทัล เป็นต้น สิ่งที่ทำให้เงินมีค่าคือ “สัญญา” ในหลากหลาย รูปแบบ ไม่ว่าจะเป็น สัญญาประชาคม (social contract) หรือสัญญาทางเศรษฐศาสตร์ (economic contract) และในปัจจุบัน บล็อกเชนบางประเภทอนุญาตให้เขียนสัญญาอัจฉริยะ (smart contract) ที่ สามารถนำมาให้บริการทางการเงินได้ ทำให้เกิด stablecoin หรือหน่วยข้อมูลที่มีอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนตรึงกับสกุล เงิน เช่น ดอลลาร์สหรัฐฯ ที่สามารถเปลี่ยนมือได้อย่างอิสระคล้ายเงิน ซึ่งถูกมองว่าอาจเป็นอนาคตของเงินได้ บทความนี้จะจำแนกเงินประเภทต่างๆ ในบริบทของสัญญาในแต่ละรูปแบบ เพื่อฉายภาพให้เห็นถึง “คุณค่า” และ “ค่า” ของสิ่งที่เรียกว่าเงิน รวมถึงนัยยะเชิงนโยบายของเงินสำหรับประเทศไทย
Abstract. The level of ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ in Cambodia is very high, but it remains stable bounded in the range between 94 and 95 percent from 1995 to 2010, as measured by DR4. However, the Granger-causality test between ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and inflation revealed that both variables do not explain each other. Then, inflation is not the problem of ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ in the last economic stage of Cambodia. Moreover, the cash USD circulation outside banks as measured by ▇▇▇▇▇▇ filter was large, 2.1 billion USD in 1995 and has increased to 13.64 billion USD in 2010. Therefore, increased public confident toward banking system would help reduce cash USD in circulation. Moreover, highly degree of ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ with macroeconomic complexity in Cambodia has put a lot pressure on monetary authority in implementing monetary policy since exchange rate stability is believed to achieve price stability. The impact of exchange rate change on price level exhibits cyclical pattern while money supply growth has a positive shock on price level. Indeed, the impact of money supply growth on exchange rate also exhibits cyclical pattern as indicated by SVAR. Thus, exchange rate stability is not clearly lead to price stability, but changing in money supply would significantly affect price. Page | 19 ประเทศกัมพูชามีการใช้เงินดอลลาร์สหรัฐแทนเงินตราประเทศตัวเอง หรือที่เรียกว่า ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ในระดับที่สูงมาก แต่เมื่อวัดโดย DR ระดับดังกล่าวนี้อยู่ในระดับที่เสถียรระหว่าง 94 ถึง 95 เปอร์เซ็นต์ในช่วง ปี พ.ศ. 2538 – 2553 อย่างไรก็ตามการทดสอบ Granger-causality ระหว่าง ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ กับ เงินเฟ้อ พบว่าตัวแปรทั้งสองนี้ไม่ได้เป็นสาเหตุของกันและกัน ดังนั้นเงินเฟ้อจึงไม่ได้เกิดจากผลของการใช้เงินดอลลาร์ สหรัฐแทนเงินเรียลของคนเวียดนามในช่วงหลัง นอกจากนี้กระแสเงินสดดอลลาร์ภายนอกธนาคารนั้นมี ปริมาณมหาศาลถึง 2.1 พันล้านดอลลาร์สหรัฐใน พ.ศ. 2538 (วัดโดย Kalman) และเพิ่มขึ้นไป 13.64 พันล้านดอลลาร์สหรฐใน พ.ศ. 2553 ดังนนความเชอมั่นต่อภาคการเงินการธนาคารทเพิ่มขึ้นจะช่วยลดปริมาณ กระแสเงินดอลลาร์สหรัฐในกัมพูชา นอกจากนี้ความซับซ้อนของเศรษฐกิจระดับมหภาคของกัมพูชาประกอบ กับระดับการใช้เงินดอลลาร์สหรัฐแทนเงินตราประเทศในระดับสูงเพิ่มแรงกดดันต่อนักนโยบายการเงินในการ ดําเนินนโยบายการเงินเพราะทุกคนเชื่อว่าอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนที่มีเสถียรภาพจะก่อให้เกิดเสถียรภาพของราคาใน กัมพูชา ผลกระทบจากการเปลี่ยนแปลงอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนต่อระดับราคามีลักษณะเป็นแบบแผนวัฏจักร (cyclical pattern) ในขณะที่อัตราการเติบโตของปริมาณเงินในระบบก่อให้เกิดผลกระทบทางบวกต่อระดับ ราคา โดยความจริงแล้ว SVAR ก็ระบุว่าผลจากการเติบโตของปริมาณเงินในระบบต่ออัตราแลกเปลี่ยนมี ลักษณะเป็นแบบแผนวัฏจักร ดงนั้นอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนที่มีเสถยรภาพไม่ได้นําไปสู่ระดับราคาที่มีเสถียรภาพอย่าง ชัดเจน แต่การเปลี่ยนแปลงปริมาณเงินสดในระบบนนส่งผลต่อระดับราคาอย่างมีนัยสําคัญ Page | 20
Abstract. The purpose of this thesis was to study legal problems related to clauses that conflict with the main purpose of the contract, and to suggest means to implement laws related to such agreements in Thailand, using method of documentary research comparing Thai law with French and English law. This thesis studied Thai and foreign laws through legal research, textbooks, articles, theses, court rulings, and comparative descriptions, including the impact of law enforcement in Thailand and abroad. The results of the study revealed that 1 ) there is no specific law regarding the agreement that contradicts main purpose of the contract in Thai law, only general law that could be applied and traces of law in clauses restricting or excluding liability for breach of contract and such principles were not mentioned among the scholars and there is no application of this principle to the practice; 2) an agreement that is contrary to the main purpose of the contract, if applied in accordance with current Thai law, may be considered to have an objective that is in conflict with public order and deemed void under the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 150 , which is a broad principle with no criteria for consideration, or it may require the interpretation of the intention and the interpretation of the contract under the Civil and Commercial Code, Section 171 and Section 368, which does not have clear and specific criteria and may cause problems in finding the true intent of the parties. Therefore, the researcher is of the view that specific provisions concerning the agreement that conflict with the main objectives of the contract should be added to clarify the law and provide certain criteria for consideration in order to achieve the main objectives of the contract, which are the intentions of the parties to make a contract.
Abstract. The purpose of this research is to study and develop the indoor antenna to receive terrestrial digital TV signals. It has non-complicate structure and easy to set up/install, and is designed by using asymmetric slot dipole antennas with the dimension of length 2 2 0 mm and width 2 5 mm, which are separated by step-shaped feed gap method and adjusted to left and right arms, gap, and feed for working at frequencies between 495 – 791 MHz and return loss at -1 8 dB. By using the simulation program named CST Microwave Studio, it can make this proposed antenna compact/small size, light weight, and non-complicate structure. สารบัญ หนา้
Abstract. The research aimed at investigating the creation of a participatory campaign media and verifying its effectiveness in forming understanding on Kratom drink consumption and minimizing its problems encountered by juveniles in Thepa Subdistrict, Songkhla Province. The data was collected from 3 different sources. The first source included 10 online publicizing the information on Kratom drink. Using a purposeful sampling technique, the second source contained 36 samples: students, parents, community leaders, and those in a drug dependence treatment center. The last source consisted of 30 young volunteers taking part in a workshop to produce the participatory campaign media. The effectiveness of the media was then verified with 400 samples who were upper-primary and secondary education students at 5 schools: Thep Phitthaya Phanumat School, Thepa School, Ban Phraphut School, Wat Nikhom Prasat Mitraphap Thi 149 School, and Chumchon Nikhom Sang Ton-ang Thepa School, all of which were in Thepa District, Songkhla Province. The findings revealed that all stakeholders were required to brainstorm and elaborate issues to be conveyed in the participatory campaign media. Their proposed ideas could be categorized into the following two issues: the juveniles’ prevention from Kratom drink dependence and how to help their peers who were currently independent from Kratom drink consumption to return to a normal life in the society. It was expected that the contents in the media would change audiences’ attitudes towards Kratom drink consumers’ identity as well as enable the audiences to perceive the factual information on it. Moreover, the juveniles might realize the disadvantages of such a drink, eliminating the social identity myth that prioritized its advantages over its disadvantages. The volunteers participating in the workshop and the juveniles in Thepa District played a key role in producing the media. Here, the young volunteers used a fan page as the main media and a short film as the supporting media. It was found that the influence of the media on the fan page visitors’ understanding on Kratom drink consumption and minimization of its problems was at a very low level. This could be predicted only at 4.5 %. The most significant predictor was the acquisition of right to see the visitors comments (β=.148), followed by the generation of issues (β=.103). Despite this, the understanding on Kratom drink and the minimization of its problems of the juveniles and the adults parti...
Abstract. This research was conducted to assess free-grazing duck farming in upper southern Thailand under changes. The objectives of this study are (1) to study the free-grazing duck farming situation in upper southern Thailand including cost and benefits of free-grazing duck farming, market channels and supply chain (2) to assess risks and factors which affects free-grazing duck farming in upper southern Thailand. (3) To identify methods which help mitigate or alleviate risks in free-grazing duck farming. The study surveyed data from 124 free-grazing duck farmers in three provinces which are Nakorn Sri Thammarat, Phattalung and Songkhla Provinces. The in-depth interviews with free-grazing duck farmers and stakeholders in free-grazing duck farming were conducted to identify methods which help mitigate or alleviate risks in free-grazing duck farming. The study found that free-grazing duck farming in upper southern of Thailand provides appropriated returns and benefits to free-grazing duck farmers. Overall free- grazing duck farming has low agricultural risks. Limitation of rice field and availability of free-grazing duck’s food in the rice fields are two major threats in free-grazing duck farming. The study finally provide policy recommendations in order to create sustainable free-grazing duck farming which are (1) promotion of free-grazing duck farming by local authorities (2) development and preservation of water resources in the area of free-grazing duck farming (3) promotion of alternative crops or animals for free-grazing duck farmers to diversity income risk. (3) promotion of registration in free-grazing duck farming in the area and collect accurate data for effective policy decision making (5) promotion of marketing and Food processing Knowledge to free- grazing duck farming (6) promotion of free-grazing duck farming risks’ awareness among free-grazing duck farmers Email: ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇@▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇@▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇@▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇ รายงานการวิจัยเรื่องเศรษฐกิจการเลี้ยงเป็ดไล่ทุ่งภายใต้กระแสการเปลี่ยนแปลงในเขตภาคใต้ ตอนบน วัตถุประสงค์ของการวิจัยเพื่อศึกษา (1) ระบบการผลิต ระบบตลาด ต้นทุนและผลตอบแทน ความเชื่อมโยงของห่วงโซ่อุปทานการเลี้ยงเป็ดไล่ทุ่งในเขตภาคใต้ (2) ศึกษาปัจจัยเสี่ยงและผลกระทบ ของปัจจัยเสี่ยงต่อการเลี้ยงเป็ดไล่ทุ่งในเขตภาคใต้ และ (3) ศึกษาแนวทางการปรับตัวและการจัดการ ความเสี่ยงของเกษตรกรผู้เลี้ยงเป็ดไล่ทุ่งในเขตภาคใต้ โดยการสุ่มตัวอย่าง เกษตรกรผู้เลี้ยงเป็ดไข่ไล่ ทุ่งจํานวน 124 ครัวเรือน ใช้วิธีการสุ่มตัวอย่างโดยวิธีแบบเฉพาะเจาะจง แบบสอบถามและการ สัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกเกษตรกรผู้เลี้ยงเป็ดไล่ทุ่งและผู้มีส่วนได้ส่วนเสียในเครือข่ายการเลี้ยงเป็ดไล่ทุ่งในเขต พื้นที่จังหวัดนครศรีธร...