Subject-oriented definition
Subject-oriented means that a data warehouse focuses on the high-level entities of the business, such as employees, courses, and accounts. This is in contrast to transactional systems, which deal with processes such as student registration or payment of invoices (Chan, 1999). “Integrated” means that the data are stored in consistent formats, with consistent naming conventions, domain constraints, physical attributes, and measurements. For example, an organization may have four or five unique coding schemes for ethnicity. In a data warehouse, there is only one coding