Examples of HVDC system in a sentence
Coordination of GFM and DC voltage controlOne option for converter station control modes and their designation in a multi-terminal HVDC system without GFM functionality for large-scale offshore wind power integration would be as shown in Figure 6.
GFM functionality discussed in the report mainly applies when the HVDC system or DC-connected PPM is in this mode of operation.
If a HVDC converter is not configured for any type of DC voltage control contribution, it may be designed for high phase jump active power, high inertial active power and high positive damping, assuming that other subsystems in the HVDC system is designed to control the DC voltage sufficiently.
The agreed proposal is to define the GFM functionality as the inherent behavior of an HVDC system or DC- connected PPM to act as a controlled voltage source behind an impedance, following the definition of the ENTSO-E technical group work HPoPEIPS [1].
This is a combination of the amount of DC control contributing stations in the HVDC system, the dynamic performance characteristics of the DC voltage control of those stations and the operating point of the HVDC stations.** The GFM capability of the HVDC converter station being in Vdc control mode is expected to be very limited.
Respecting DC voltage operational boundariesAs described in Deliverable D2.1 [31] the DC voltage at the DC connection points in the multi-terminal HVDC system must be kept within specified ranges to ensure control and stability of the DC system.
During this timeframe and as long as the voltage and current limits of the HVDC system and DC-connected PPM are not reached, the HVDC converter station and/or the PPM shall resist changes in the grid voltage magnitude and phase angle by an exchange of immediate power, which has mainly an active component during phase angle changes and mainly a reactive component during changes in the voltage magnitude.
Concept #4: Distributed GFM control for HVDC stations and DC connected PPMsAnother way to utilize GFM capability from DC-connected PPMs to support the onshore grid is by distributing the grid-forming control across multiple or even all converters in the multi-terminal HVDC system.
The GFM functions are only expected from the HVDC system or DC-connected PPM when it is in normal mode, i.e., the operating limits are not reached.
Consequently, in order to secure the full control chain required for GFM in multi-terminal multi-vendor HVDC systems, and enable GFM support from the DC connected PPMs, the GFM functionality must be specified at all interfaces between the relevant subsystems in the multi-terminal HVDC system.