Half-value layer (HVL) means the thickness of specified material which attenuates the beam of radiation to an extent such that the exposure rate is reduced to one-half of its original value. In this definition the contribution of all scattered radiation, other than any which might be present initially in the beam concerned, is deemed to be excluded.
Value Engineering (VE) means a discipline of engineering that studies the relative monetary values of various materials and construction techniques, including the intial cost, maintenance cost, energy usage, replacement cost, and life expectancy of the materials, equipment or systems under consideration.
value chain means activities related to the production of goods or the provision of services by a company, including the development of the product or the service and the use and disposal of the product as well as the related activities of upstream and downstream established business relationships of the company. As regards companies within the meaning of point (a)(iv), ‘value chain’ with respect to the provision of these specific services shall only include the activities of the clients receiving such loan, credit, and other financial services and of other companies belonging to the same group whose activities are linked to the contract in question. The value chain of such regulated financial undertakings does not cover SMEs receiving loan, credit, financing, insurance or reinsurance of such entities;
Earned value management system means an earned value management system that complies with the earned value management system guidelines in the ANSI/EIA-748.
Acceptable earned value management system means an earned value management system that generally complies with system criteria in paragraph (b) of this clause.