artha definition
artha means the sustenance or livelihood issues of humans, which are fundamentally economic in nature. The term acquires a wider import when understood in the context of Arthasastra. In the ancient Indian philosophy, apart from dharma (truth or law) and karma (action), artha (wealth) is considered as one of the trivargas (the three goals) of human existence. Therefore, Arthasastra does two things: firstly, it guides the ruler about protecting his territory and effectively administering the State; and secondly, it lays down the principles of territorial acquisition as a matter of foreign policy.
artha means material, Kautilya has seen every entity from that perspective only. Therefore, it fails to offer a human insight into the „woman question‟ as posed by Mukherjee (1994).
artha means what was searched for; that is, he who has found the meaning of existence”. In this novel, Siddhartha understood his own existence through his own experiences and in term of freedom of choices. They explored that the protagonist Siddhartha achieved the mission of self-realization. He found his self after a great travelling (78). Prays explored a similarity in a comparative study of Indian epic Bhagavad Gita and Siddhartha. Siddhartha is an Indian tale which deals with physical journey to a spiritual journey and Bhagavad Gita is an Indian epic and in both purified soul is achieved through a physical journey. She compares Siddhartha with Gita and states that the same situation is in Gita chapter 3. “The essence and goal of pilgrimage are considered to be the purification of the soul in the Gita which is achieved by Siddhartha as examined in the paper, “He attains wisdom through a physical journey to simultaneous spiritual journey” (3). Colin Butler provides some critical objections to Siddhartha. Siddhartha has a puzzle mind and wastes his time with shamans and so many for the purpose of achieving the truth of life. Tekel, in his book, analyzed four novels of Hermann Hesse in the light of religious vision. In his abstract, he expresses that Hesse believes that religion is the name of the aesthetic realm, services of life and inner journey. He states that the theme of religion is repeated in his many novels. In his novel, Demian, inner world and self-identity is the basic thing for which one has to struggle for finding his self or reason of life (30). According to her analysis, Hesse believed in individualism. And he constructs a journey where the individual discovers his self alone. For this purpose, social norms are violated in his work (31).