Common Contracts

EXHIBIT U The Republic of Turkey Underwriting Agreement

Fiscal Agency Agreement • September 11th, 2008 • Republic of Turkey • Foreign governments • New York

• Contract Type
  Fiscal Agency Agreement
• Filed
  September 11th, 2008
• Company
  Republic of Turkey
• Industry
  Foreign governments
• Jurisdiction
  New York

The Republic of Turkey (“The Republic” or the “State”) acting by and through its Minister of State, proposes to sell to the underwriters named in Schedule II hereto (the “Underwriters”), for whom you (the “Representatives”) are acting as representatives, the principal amount of its securities identified in Schedule I hereto (the “Securities”), to be issued under a fiscal agency agreement identified in Schedule I hereto (the “Fiscal Agency Agreement”) between The Republic and the fiscal agent identified in Schedule I hereto (the “Fiscal Agent”). If the firm or firms listed in Schedule II hereto include only the firm or firms listed in Schedule I hereto, then the terms “Underwriters” and “Representatives”, as used herein, shall each be deemed to refer to such firm or firms.

EXHIBIT Q The Republic of Turkey Underwriting Agreement

Fiscal Agency Agreement • June 24th, 2008 • Republic of Turkey • Foreign governments • New York

• Contract Type
  Fiscal Agency Agreement
• Filed
  June 24th, 2008
• Company
  Republic of Turkey
• Industry
  Foreign governments
• Jurisdiction
  New York

The Republic of Turkey (“The Republic” or the “State”) acting by and through its Minister of State, proposes to sell to the underwriters named in Schedule II hereto (the “Underwriters”), for whom you (the “Representatives”) are acting as representatives, the principal amount of its securities identified in Schedule I hereto (the “Securities”), to be issued under a fiscal agency agreement identified in Schedule I hereto (the “Fiscal Agency Agreement”) between The Republic and the fiscal agent identified in Schedule I hereto (the “Fiscal Agent”). If the firm or firms listed in Schedule II hereto include only the firm or firms listed in Schedule I hereto, then the terms “Underwriters” and “Representatives”, as used herein, shall each be deemed to refer to such firm or firms.

The Republic of Turkey Underwriting Agreement

Fiscal Agency Agreement • January 15th, 2008 • Republic of Turkey • Foreign governments • New York

• Contract Type
  Fiscal Agency Agreement
• Filed
  January 15th, 2008
• Company
  Republic of Turkey
• Industry
  Foreign governments
• Jurisdiction
  New York

MERRILL LYNCH & CO. Merrill Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith Incorporated 4 World Financial Center New York, New York 10080 (As Representatives of the Underwriters named in Schedule II hereto)

The Republic of Turkey Underwriting Agreement

Fiscal Agency Agreement • November 6th, 2006 • Republic of Turkey • Foreign governments • New York

• Contract Type
  Fiscal Agency Agreement
• Filed
  November 6th, 2006
• Company
  Republic of Turkey
• Industry
  Foreign governments
• Jurisdiction
  New York

The Republic of Turkey (“The Republic” or the “State”) acting by and through its Minister of State, proposes to sell to the underwriters named in Schedule II hereto (the “Underwriters”), for whom you (the “Representatives”) are acting as representatives, the principal amount of its securities identified in Schedule I hereto (the “Securities”), to be issued under a fiscal agency agreement identified in Schedule I hereto (the “Fiscal Agency Agreement”) between The Republic and the fiscal agent identified in Schedule I hereto (the “Fiscal Agent”). If the firm or firms listed in Schedule II hereto include only the firm or firms listed in Schedule I hereto, then the terms “Underwriters” and “Representatives”, as used herein, shall each be deemed to refer to such firm or firms.