JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

                                                                       EXHIBIT 1

                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

         The undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the Schedule 13G to
which this Agreement is attached.

              Dated: February 14, 2003

                               WAM Acquisition GP, Inc.
                                   for itself and as general partner of
                                   LIBERTY ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.

                               By: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇
                                  ----------------------------------------------
                                       ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇
                                       Senior Vice President and Secretary


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