Exhibit 10.33
Deferred Compensation Agreement by and between Booth Creek Ski Group,
Inc. and Xxxxx X. Xxxx
DEFERRED COMPENSATION AGREEMENT
This Agreement is entered into as of the 22nd day of January,
2002, by and between Booth Creek Ski Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the
"Company") and Xxxxx X. Xxxx ("Executive").
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, Executive has been employed by the Company and has
faithfully served the Company in a capable and efficient manner, resulting in
meaningful growth and progress to the Company; and
WHEREAS, the Company wants to reward the Executive for his/her
past services and provide him/her with an inducement to continue to faithfully
be employed by the Company; and
WHEREAS, Executive is willing to continue in the employ of the
Company if the Company agrees to pay Executive certain benefits, in accordance
with the provisions and conditions hereinafter set forth;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and of the
mutual covenants herein contained and other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto
hereby agree as follows:
1. Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement, the following definitions
shall apply:
a. "Board" means the board of directors of the Company.
b. Termination of employment for "Cause" means a termination of
Executive's employment in conjunction with Executive having (i) committed a
felony, regardless whether in the course of his employment, excluding
offenses under laws regulating motor vehicle traffic or skiing, but not
excluding such offenses, if they arise from Executive's failure to cause
Company to conduct its business in accordance with law (provided that, if
Company shall terminate Executive's employment pursuant to this clause (i),
and Executive ultimately shall be acquitted, such termination shall not be
deemed a termination for Cause, as of the date of termination pursuant to
this clause (i)); (ii) engaged in fraud, embezzlement involving property of
Company or otherwise, or other intentional wrongful act that materially
impairs the goodwill or business of Company; (iii) any willful failure to
carry out any of his material responsibilities or to comply with any
reasonable instruction of the board or president or Company policy, not
cured, within a reasonable time of notice from the board or president; or
(iv) otherwise materially breached any provision of this Agreement or any
employment agreement that he shall have entered into with Company.
c. "Change in Control" means (i) the sale of all or substantially all
of the assets of BC (as hereinafter defined), or reorganization,
recapitalization, merger, consolidation, or other transaction involving BC
or changing the rights, designations, or preferences of outstanding BC
capital stock (a "BC Transaction"), or a sale of Common Equivalents, in any
case as a result of which the Investors do not collectively own at least
20% of the Common Equivalents that they own on the date hereof or (ii) a
similar event that the Board, in its sole discretion, determines should be
similarly treated. "Common Equivalents" means (i) the Company Class A or
Class B common stock or warrants to purchase Class B common stock; (ii) any
BC common stock or equivalent security, if BC shall not be a corporation;
or (iii) any security distributed without consideration by BC in respect
of, or exchanged pursuant to a BC Transaction in whole or part for, Common
Equivalents. "BC" means the Company or any other issuer that, pursuant to a
BC Transaction not causing a Change in Control, shall have acquired control
of all of the businesses controlled by BC immediately before such BC
Transaction. "Investors" means Xxxx Xxxxxxx Life Insurance Company, Xxxxxxx
Mezzanine Partners, L.P., CIBC WG Argosy Merchant Fund 2 L.L.C.,
Co-Investment Merchant Fund, LLC, any person acquiring any Common
Equivalent from an Investor in a transaction not causing a Change in
Control, and any affiliate of an Investor, insofar as such affiliate owns
any Common Equivalent. In computing the percentage of Common Equivalents
owned by the Investors on any date ("measuring date") for purposes of the
first sentence of this definition, the Investors shall be deemed to own on
the date hereof the amount of Common Equivalents that they would have owned
on the measuring date had they never disposed of any Common Equivalent
(except in exchange for another Common Equivalent pursuant to a BC
Transaction or by exercising or converting a Common Equivalent for or into
another Common Equivalent).
d. "Common Stock" means the Company's Class B Common Stock, $.001 par
value per share.
e. "Stock Share" means a share of Common Stock issued as part of a
restricted stock award to Executive under the Company's 2001 Stock
Incentive Plan (the "Plan"), that is subject to the Restricted Stock
Agreement between the Company and Executive, dated as of even date.
f. "Triggering Event" means a sale or other transfer of Stock Shares
in accordance with applicable requirements (including a sale or other
transfer to, or redemption by, the Company of Stock Shares, whether in
conjunction with the netting out of Stock Shares to satisfy withholding
requirements upon an option exercise, or in conjunction with the exercise
of a right of first refusal, a call right, a put right, a corporate
transaction or otherwise) other than a transfer at death (by will or
intestacy) of Stock Shares.
2. Establishment of Deferred Compensation Account and Deferred Compensation
Units. The Company shall establish on its books a special ledger "Deferred
Compensation Account" for Executive and shall credit thereto two hundred (200)
Deferred Compensation Units (as hereinafter defined). A Deferred Compensation
Unit is a measuring device that measures the amount of deferred compensation to
be paid to the Executive in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
3. Vesting of Deferred Compensation Units.
a. The deferred compensation obligation created hereunder shall vest
(i.e., shall no longer be forfeitable, except as provided in Section 3(d))
as to 60% of the Deferred Compensation Units as of the date of this
Agreement, and shall vest as to an additional 20% of the Deferred
Compensation Units on each of November 1, 2002 and November 1, 2003;
provided that, with respect to each such vesting date, Executive has
remained continuously employed by the Company through such date.
Consequently, the deferred compensation obligation shall be fully vested as
to 100% of the Deferred Compensation Units on November 1, 2003, if
Executive remains continuously employed by the Company through such date.
b. Notwithstanding Section 3(a), upon a Change in Control the deferred
compensation obligation provided for by this Agreement shall immediately
become fully vested as to 100% of the Deferred Compensation Units.
c. Upon a termination of Executive's employment for any reason,
Executive shall forfeit all the Deferred Compensation Units that are not
vested as of such date.
d. Upon a termination of Executive's employment for Cause or
Executive's breach, before November 1, 2003, of Section 2 of his severance
agreement with the Company, this Agreement shall immediately terminate and
Executive shall forfeit any and all rights hereunder, including, but not
limited to, rights with respect to vested Deferred Compensation Units (even
if a Triggering Event has already occurred and, if a Triggering Event has
occurred, even if payments had commenced to be paid as installments under
Section 4(b)) and all rights to prepayments of deferred compensation under
Section 6.
e. The parties shall promptly submit any dispute or claim arising out
of or in respect to Section 3(d) (i.e., a dispute as to whether a
termination of Executive's employment was for "Cause") to binding
arbitration before one arbitrator ("Arbitrator"). The parties agree that
binding arbitration shall be the sole means of resolving any such dispute
or claim. The laws of the state where the Executive shall have been most
recently employed by the Company shall apply to any arbitration hereunder.
The Arbitrator shall be an active member of the bar in the state in which
the arbitration shall occur, specializing for at least fifteen years in
corporate and business law. The American Arbitration Association shall
select the Arbitrator, upon the request of either side, within 30 days of
request. The arbitration shall be held in the state in which Executive
shall have been most recently employed by Company, in accordance with the
then-current provisions of the rules of the American Arbitration
Association, except as otherwise provided herein. No party shall seek, and
neither the Arbitrator nor any court shall award, punitive or other
exemplary damages respecting any dispute relating to Section 3(d) of this
Agreement. The costs of the Arbitration proceeding and any proceeding in
court to confirm or to vacate any arbitration award or to obtain temporary
or preliminary injunctive relief as provided herein, as applicable, shall
be borne by the unsuccessful party and shall be awarded as part of the
Arbitrator's decision, unless the Arbitrator shall otherwise allocate such
costs, for the reasons set forth, in such decision. Any judgment upon any
award rendered by the Arbitrator may be entered in and enforced by any
court of competent jurisdiction. The parties expressly consent to the
jurisdiction of the courts (Federal and state) in the state in which
Executive shall have been most recently employed by the Company to enforce
any award of the Arbitrator or to render any provisional or injunctive
relief in connection with or in aid of the Arbitration. The parties
expressly consent to the personal and subject matter jurisdiction of the
Arbitrator to arbitrate any and all matters to be submitted to arbitration
hereunder. None of the parties hereto shall challenge any arbitration
hereunder on the grounds that any party necessary to such arbitration
(including, without limitation, the parties hereto) shall have been absent
from such arbitration for any reason, including, without limitation, that
such party shall have been the subject of any bankruptcy, reorganization,
or insolvency proceeding. This Section 3(e) shall not prevent the Company
from seeking or obtaining temporary or preliminary injunctive relief in a
court for any breach or threatened breach of Executive's obligations or
responsibilities to the Company. This arbitration clause shall survive the
termination of this Agreement. ALL PARTIES WAIVE TRIAL BY JURY WITH RESPECT
TO ANY DISPUTE ARISING UNDER SECTION 3(d) OF THIS AGREEMENT.
4. Payment of Deferred Compensation.
a. Except as provided in Section 6, after a Deferred Compensation Unit
vests, no payment shall be made with respect to the Deferred Compensation
Unit until the occurrence of a Triggering Event. Except as provided in
Section 4(b), within sixty (60) days after any Triggering Event, the
Company shall pay to Executive, in cash or other immediately payable funds,
an amount (the "Triggered Deferred Compensation Amount") equal to the
excess of:
i) the product obtained by multiplying
(1) the value of a Deferred Compensation Unit as of the
Triggering Event, determined in accordance with Section 5; by
(2) the lesser of
(a) the number of remaining vested Deferred
Compensation Units credited to Executive's Deferred
Compensation Account determined immediately prior to the
Triggering Event; and
(b) the number of Stock Shares as to which the
Triggering Event has occurred; over
ii) the product obtained by multiplying
(1) the sum of the respective quotients obtained by dividing
(a) each amount that has been paid to Executive,
pursuant to Section 6(a), as an Accelerated DCA Payment (as
defined in Section 6(a)), or that would have been so paid
but for the operation of Section 6(b), by
(b) the number of shares of Class B Common Stock issued
or issuable under the Company's 2001 Stock Incentive Plan
("Plan Shares") constituting the numerator of the fraction
referred to in clause (a)(ii) of Section 6 used to compute
such amount; by
(2) the lesser of:
(a) the number of remaining vested Deferred
Compensation Units credited to Executive's Deferred
Compensation Account determined immediately prior to the
Triggering Event; and
(b) the number of Stock Shares as to which the
Triggering Event has occurred.
b. Notwithstanding Section 4(a), (i) in the event that the payment
hereunder would impair the Company's cash flow, as reasonably determined by
the Board in its sole discretion (which may take into account, without
limitation, other deferred compensation payments under other deferred
compensation agreements) or (ii) to the extent required by any credit
agreement or similar instrument, in lieu of paying the entire Triggered
Deferred Compensation Amount in a single payment, the Company may elect to
pay the Triggered Deferred Compensation Amount in equal installments over a
period not exceeding five years, with installment payments being made not
less frequently than annually and the first installment payment being made
not later than 60 days after the Triggering Event; provided, however, that
on or before the consummation of any Change in Control, the Company shall
pay Executive the full, unpaid balance of the Triggered Deferred
Compensation Amount. In the event that the Company elects to pay the
Triggered Deferred Compensation Amount in installments, interest on the
unpaid balance shall be calculated using the prime rate, as published in
the Wall Street Journal or a similar publication on the date prior to each
payment date.
c. Upon the making of payment of the Triggered Deferred Compensation
Amount (or, if applicable pursuant to Section 4(b), the commencement of
payment), the number of vested Deferred Compensation Units credited to
Executive's Deferred Compensation Account shall be reduced by the lesser of
(A) the number of remaining vested Deferred Compensation Units credited to
Executive's Deferred Compensation Account determined immediately prior to
the Triggering Event and (B) the number of Stock Shares as to which the
Triggering Event has occurred.
5. Value of Deferred Compensation Unit. The value of a Deferred
Compensation Unit as of any date (the "Determination Date") shall be determined
by dividing (I) any excess of (A) the sum of (1) the lesser of (i) the total of
the face amounts of the Investor Notes outstanding on the Determination Date or
(ii) the sum of Enterprise Value for the fiscal year ended immediately before
the Determination Date and the CE Proceeds plus (2) the amounts of all cash
repayments of principal and cash payments of interest on the Investor Notes from
the date hereof through the Determination Date over (B) $60,000,000 by (II) the
Adjusted Shares Outstanding.
For purposes of this Section 5, the following definitions shall apply:
a. "Adjusted Shares Outstanding" shall mean 16,485.
b. "CE Proceeds" shall mean the sum of the products obtained by
multiplying the exercise price of each CE Security outstanding on the
Determination Date by the number of shares of common stock issuable upon
exercise of such CE Security.
c. "CE Security" shall mean each warrant or stock option exercisable
to purchase Company common stock first outstanding on or before the date of
this Agreement, insofar as its exercise price is less than the quotient
obtained by dividing Enterprise Value as of the Determination Date by
Adjusted Shares Outstanding.
d. "Enterprise Value" as of the end of a fiscal year shall mean any
excess of Asset Value over Consolidated Debt. Asset Value as of the end of
a fiscal year shall mean the sum of (i) the product obtained by multiplying
EBITDA for such fiscal year (including revenue from timber sales, but
excluding sales of real estate or other one-time revenue items) as
determined from the Company's annual audited income statement for such
year, by 7.5, plus, as of the end of such fiscal year, (ii) the fair market
value of real property available for development, owned by Company or any
subsidiary, plus (iii) the fair market value of Company's interest in, and
of the interest of any Company affiliate in, the East West joint ventures
(which, for this purpose includes any transaction between Company or any
Company affiliate and East West Partners, Inc. or any affiliate thereof),
including East West Resort Development V, L.P., L.L.L.P. (collectively, an
"East West Entity"), and any other joint venture or transaction as to which
Executive has, at Company's request, provided material assistance in
negotiating or overseeing. Consolidated Debt shall mean the mean of the
monthly balances, as recorded on the books of Company or its subsidiaries
in accordance with GAAP, during such fiscal year of debt for borrowed
money, including short-term debt for money borrowed, capitalized leases,
and redeemable preferred stock, but excluding the Investor Notes or
accruals thereon.
e. "Investor Notes" means the Company's 12% notes made to CIBC WG
Argosy Merchant Fund 2, L.L.C., Xxxx Xxxxxxx Life Insurance Company, and
their affiliates, and to Booth Creek Partners Limited II, L.L.L.P.
For purposes of the definition of Adjusted Shares Outstanding and for
purposes of determining the number of Deferred Compensation Units credited to
the Executive's Deferred Compensation Account, the number of shares outstanding
or issued as of any date shall be appropriately adjusted for stock dividends,
stock splits, reverse stock splits, etc. occurring subsequent to the date
hereof.
Any dispute over any accounting determination shall be resolved
conclusively by Company's regularly engaged independent auditors, applying GAAP
consistently with Company's past practices, and, if Company and Executive shall
disagree regarding fair market value of real property or any interest referred
to in Section 5(d), clause (iii), a conclusive determination shall be made by an
appraisal firm selected by an accounting firm selected by lot from among those
of the five largest United States accounting firms that shall have had no
material relationship with Company, any Company affiliate, Executive, or any
member of Executive's family. Any determination of the fair market value of any
interest referred to in Section 5(d), clause (iii) shall be made without any
minority discount. The fees and expenses of such independent auditors or
appraisal firm shall be borne by Company. If the disputed item shall have been
previously determined under Company's employment agreement with Xxxxxxxxx X.
Xxxx, under Company's employment agreement with Xxxxxxxxxxx X.
Xxxxx, or under any other employee deferred compensation agreement with Company,
such determination shall bind Company and Executive hereunder.
For purposes of determining the value of a Deferred Compensation Unit under
the formula set forth in the first paragraph of this Section 5, if the Board
authorizes a transaction (or is notified that some or all of its stockholders
have entered into an agreement to engage in a transaction) which transaction, if
consummated, would constitute a Change in Control, then, for purposes of
establishing the value of a Deferred Compensation Unit under the first paragraph
of this Section 5, the Board shall equitably adjust "the Enterprise Value for
the fiscal year ended immediately before the Determination Date" based on the
value of the Company as reflected in the transaction.
6. Prepayments of Deferred Compensation.
a. Subject to Section 6(b), at any time a cash payment of principal or
interest on the Investor Notes, as defined in Section 5 (a "Cash Note
Payment"), shall be made that, together with all other Cash Note Payments
made after the date hereof, exceeds $60,000,000 (such Cash Note Payment, to
the extent of such excess, being referred to herein as a "Note Excess
Payment"), the Company shall pay to Executive an amount (an "Accelerated
DCA Payment") equal to the product obtained by multiplying:
i) the excess of:
(1) the quotient obtained by dividing
(a) such Note Excess Payment by
(b) .85; over
(2) the Note Excess Payment; by
ii) a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of
Plan Shares then held (or subject to stock options then held) by
Executive, whether or not vested, and the denominator of which shall
be 2,473, as appropriately adjusted for stock dividends, stock splits,
reverse stock splits, etc., occurring subsequent to the date of issue
of the Plan Shares.
b. Notwithstanding Section 6(a), no Accelerated DCA Payment shall be
made to Executive pursuant to the preceding sentence at the time any Cash
Note Payment shall be made from proceeds of an initial public offering of
Company equity securities registered under the Securities Act (an "IPO") or
during the period of not less than six nor more than 12 months following an
IPO during which Executive shall, pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement
between Executive, Xxxxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxx, Xxxxxxxxx X. Xxxx, Xxxxxxx X.
Xxxx, Xxxx Xxxxxxx Life Insurance Company, Xxxxxxx Mezzanine Partners,
L.P., CIBC WG Argosy Merchant Fund 2, L.L.C., Co-Investment Merchant Fund,
LLC, and the Company (the "Stockholders Agreement"), refrain from selling
any Company common stock (the "Lockup Period") but, subject to the next
sentence, within five days following the end of the Lockup Period, Company
shall pay Executive an amount (a "Deferred Accelerated DCA Payment") equal
to one quarter of the total of all Accelerated DCA Payments that Company
would have made pursuant to Section 6(a), but for the operation of this
Section 6(b), computed without regard to the effect of the next sentence,
and Company shall pay to Executive three additional Deferred Accelerated
DCA Payments, in amount equal to the first one, at the end of each of the
sixth, 12th, and 18th month after the end of the Lockup Period. There shall
be deducted from any Accelerated DCA Payment or Deferred Accelerated DCA
Payment an amount (a "DCA Vesting Deduction") equal to the percentage of
Executive's Plan Shares that are not vested at the time such Accelerated
DCA Payment or Deferred Accelerated DCA Payment shall be payable. At each
time that Executive's Plan Shares shall vest, Company shall pay to
Executive an amount (a "DCA Vesting Payment") bearing the same proportion
to the amount of each DCA Vesting Deduction theretofore made as the number
of Plan Shares so vesting shall bear to the number of Executive's Plan
Shares that shall have remained unvested at the time such DCA Vesting
Deduction shall have been made. Upon the occurrence of a Change in Control,
Company shall pay to Executive an amount equal to the sum of all DCA
Vesting Deductions theretofore made over the amount of all DCA Vesting
Payments theretofore made and, thereafter, the two preceding sentences
shall have no further effect.
7. Unfunded Obligation.
a. Deferred amounts to be paid to Executive pursuant to the Agreement
shall constitute an unfunded obligation of the Company. The establishment
of the Deferred Compensation Account and the crediting thereto of Deferred
Compensation Units is solely for accounting purposes. Deferred Compensation
Units are not property and the crediting of Deferred Compensation Units to
the Deferred Compensation Account does not convey to Executive any property
rights in the Company or any of its assets.
b. Executive shall be a general unsecured creditor of the Company with
respect to amounts payable hereunder; the Agreement constitutes a mere
promise by the Company to make benefit payments in the future.
c. The Company may, but need not, arrange for the purchase of
insurance contracts or other assets and may, but need not, establish a
so-called "rabbi trust" or other informal funding vehicle to facilitate the
payment of benefits and to discharge the liability of the Company
hereunder. The making of any such investments and/or the creation or
maintenance of memorandum accounts or a rabbi trust or other informal
funding vehicles shall not, however, be deemed to create a trust or a
fiduciary relationship between the Company and Executive or otherwise
confer on Executive or his/her creditors a vested or beneficial interest in
any assets of the Company whatsoever. Executive shall have no claim against
the Company for any changes in the value of any assets which may be
invested or reinvested by the Company with respect to the Agreement.
8. Adjustments to Deferred Compensation Units. The number of Deferred
Compensation Units outstanding, and the value of a Deferred Compensation Unit,
shall be adjusted by the Board to equitably reflect any changes in the number of
shares of Common Stock outstanding. In the event that the Company (i) pays a
dividend or other distribution on its Common Stock in shares of any class or
series of its capital stock; (ii) subdivides its outstanding shares of Common
Stock; (iii) combines its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller
number of shares of Common Stock; or (iv) issues any shares of its capital stock
in a reclassification of Common Stock, the Board shall make any or all of the
following adjustments as it deems appropriate to equitably reflect such event:
(A) adjust the aggregate number of Deferred Compensation Units subject to the
Agreement; (B) revise the definition of a Triggering Event such that the
deferred compensation payment obligation hereunder tracks a security other than
(or in addition to) Common Stock; and (C) make any other equitable adjustments
or take such other equitable actions as the Board, in its discretion, shall deem
appropriate. Without limiting the foregoing, the adjustments provided for in
this Section shall not be made in the event that the Company issues any shares
of its capital stock for consideration received.
9. Impact of Stock Share Transfers at Death. If Executive transfers any or
all of the Stock Shares at death, by will or intestacy, to a person or other
party (an "Inheritor") (i) the determination of whether a Triggering Event has
occurred with respect to the Stock Shares so transferred shall be made by
reference to sales and transfers by the Inheritor; and (ii) the deferred
compensation payment due upon the occurrence of a Triggering Event with respect
to such Stock Shares shall be made to the Inheritor.
10. Nonassignment; Payments After Death.
a. Subject, in the case of death, to Sections 9 and 10(b), Executive's
right to the payment of any amounts hereunder may not be assigned,
transferred, pledged or encumbered nor shall such right or other interests
be subject to attachment, garnishment, execution, or other legal process.
b. In the event that Executive dies after a Triggering Event, but
before the Company has made payment to Executive for such Triggering Event,
the Company shall make the deferred compensation payment due with respect
to such Triggering Event to Executive's estate.
11. Tax Withholding. Appropriate taxes, as determined by the Company, shall
be withheld from payments made to Executive hereunder. To the extent tax
withholding is payable in connection with Executive's deferral of income, rather
than in connection with the payment of deferred amounts, such withholding may be
made by the Company from other wages and salary currently payable to Executive.
12. No Right to Continued Employment. Nothing herein shall be construed to
confer upon Executive any right to continued employment with the Company, nor
shall the Agreement interfere in any way with the right of the Company to
terminate Executive's employment at any time without assigning any reason
therefor.
13. Transfer to and from Affiliates. For purposes of this Agreement
"employment" shall include all periods of employment with any entity that
directly or through one or more intermediaries, is controlled by the Company (a
"Company Affiliate"), and a transfer from the Company to a Company Affiliate or
visa versa, or a transfer from one Company Affiliate to another, will not be
treated as a termination of employment.
14. No Shareholder Rights. Nothing herein shall be construed to confer upon
Executive any rights of a shareholder of the Company, including, without
limitation, the right to vote or receive dividends.
15. Replacement of Prior Agreements. This Agreement sets forth the entire
understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter provided for
herein, and supersedes any and all existing agreements between the parties
concerning such subject matter. Executive hereby waives any and all claims that
may exist on the date hereof (including, but not limited to, contingent claims)
arising from any oral or written agreement between the parties which relates to
the subject matter provided for herein.
16. Exclusion from Benefit Computations. Except as expressly specified in
the applicable plan or program, no amount payable hereunder shall be considered
salary, wages or compensation for purposes of determining the amount or nature
of benefits that Executive is entitled to receive under any Company benefit plan
or program.
17. Law to Govern. All questions pertaining to the construction, regulation
validity and effect of the provisions of the Agreement shall be determined in
accordance with the internal laws of the jurisdiction of incorporation of the
Company (without regard to conflicts of laws).
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company and Executive have entered
into this Agreement as of the date first set forth above.
BOOTH CREEK SKI GROUP, INC.
By: / s / Xxxxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxx
Title: President and Chief Operating Officer
/ s / Xxxxx X. Xxxx
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Xxxxx X. Xxxx
