JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

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                                                                       Exhibit 1




                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT


           The undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the Schedule 13D
to which this Agreement is attached.

Dated:  December __, 1997


                                         ANTIOPE VENTURES L.P.
                                        (formerly, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Associates, L.P.)

                                         By: Antiope Partners L.L.C.,
                                             its general partner


                                         By: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇.▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                             -----------------------------------
                                              ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇.▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                              a Managing Member


                                         ANTIOPE PARTNERS L.L.C.
                                        (formerly, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Partners L.P.)

                                         By: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇.▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                             -----------------------------------
                                              ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇.▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                              a Managing Member
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                                       AMPHION VENTURES L.P.
                                      (formerly, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Associates II, L.P.)

                                       By: Amphion Partners L.L.C.
                                      (formerly, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Partners II, L.L.C.)
                                       its general partner


                                       By: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇.▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                           -------------------------------------
                                           ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇.▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                           a Managing Member


                                       AMPHION PARTNERS L.L.C.
                                      (formerly, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Partners II, L.L.C.)

                                       By: /s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇.▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                           -------------------------------------
                                           ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇.▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇
                                           a Managing Member



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