EXHIBIT 12
[Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxx]
February 6, 1996
Re:Agreement and Plan of Reorganization and Liquidation dated as of December
15, 1995 between The Hanover Investment Funds, Inc. and Mutual Fund Group
The Hanover Investment Funds, Inc.
000 Xxxx Xxxxxx
Xxx Xxxx, Xxx Xxxx 00000
Mutual Fund Group
000 Xxxx 00xx Xxxxxx
Xxx Xxxx, Xxx Xxxx 00000
Ladies and Gentlemen:
You have requested our opinion with respect to the federal income tax
consequences of certain aspects of the proposed transfer by each Hanover
Portfolio(1) of all of its assets to its Corresponding MFG Portfolio solely
in exchange for MFG Portfolio Shares of the Corresponding MFG Portfolio and
the assumption of all its obligations and liabilities by the Corresponding
MFG Portfolio (as described in Section 2(a)(1) of the Reorganization
Agreement) followed by the liquidation of the Hanover Portfolio and the
distribution pro rata of such MFG Portfolio Shares to the shareholders of the
Corresponding Hanover Portfolio. The series of steps that will occur to
effect such transaction are hereinafter referred to as the "Reorganization."
This opinion is being delivered pursuant to Sections 7(d) and 8(e) of the
Reorganization Agreement.
Hanover is a Maryland corporation registered under the Investment Company
Act of 1940, as amended (the "Act"), as an open-end investment company of the
management type and is comprised of separate investment portfolios which
include The Hanover Short Term U.S. Government Fund, The Hanover U.S.
Government Securities Fund, The Hanover Blue Chip Growth Fund, The Hanover
Small Capitalization Growth Fund and The Hanover American Value Fund (each, a
"Hanover Portfolio"). Hanover's investment portfolios other than the Hanover
Portfolios (consisting of The Tax Free Income Fund, The New York Tax Free
Income Fund, The New Jersey Tax Free Income Fund, The International Equity
Fund and The International Bond Fund, each of which has not to date commenced
investment operations) are not parties to the Reorganization.
The authorized capital stock of Hanover consists of 200,000,000 shares of
Common Stock, each having a par value $.001 per share. As of December 15,
1995, there were outstanding 1,032,104 shares of The Hanover Short Term U.S.
Government Fund (consisting of 1,032,099 "Investor Shares" and 5 "Advisor
Shares"), 8,327,159 shares of The Hanover U.S. Government Securities Fund
(consisting of 8,324,278 "Investor Shares" and 2,881 "Advisor Shares"),
4,657,613 shares of The Hanover Blue Chip Growth Fund (consisting of
4,652,389 "Investor Shares" and 5,224 "Advisor Shares"), 3,475,729 shares of
The Hanover Small Capitalization Growth Fund (consisting of 883,003 "Investor
Shares," 1,002 "Advisor Shares" and 2,591,724 "CBC Benefit" Shares) and
698,326 shares of The Hanover American Value Fund (consisting of 698,117
"Investor Shares" and 209 "Advisor Shares"), and no shares were held in the
treasury of Hanover.
MFG is registered under the Act as an open-end diversified investment
company of the management type and is organized as a Massachusetts business
trust comprised of separate investment portfolios, which include Vista Short
Term Bond Fund, Vista Equity Fund and Vista Small Cap Equity Fund, and which
is expected to include, at the Effective Time of the Reorganization, Vista
U.S. Government Securities Fund and Vista American Value Fund (each, an "MFG
Portfolio"). MFG's investment portfolios other than the MFG Portfolios
(consisting of Vista U.S. Government Income Fund, Vista Balanced Fund, Vista
Bond Fund, Vista Equity Income Fund, Vista IEEE Balanced Fund, Vista Growth
and Income Fund, Vista Capital Growth Fund, Vista International Equity Fund,
Vista Global Fixed Income Fund, Vista Southeast Asian Fund, Vista European
Fund and Vista Japan Fund) are not parties to the Reorganization.
(1) Where relevant, capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein have the
meanings they have for the purposes of the Agreement and Plan of
Reorganization and Liquidation, dated as of December 29, 1995, between
Hanover and MFG (the "Reorganization Agreement").
MFG has an unlimited number of authorized shares of beneficial interest,
currently without par value, of which as of December 15, 1995 there were
outstanding the following numbers of shares of the MFG Portfolios: 3,650,761
shares of Vista Short Term Bond Fund (consisting of a single class of
shares), 4,401,525 shares of Vista Equity Fund (consisting of a single class
of shares) and 5,006,123 shares of Vista Small Cap Equity Fund (consisting of
3,293,243 "Class A" shares, 1,712,880 "Class B" Shares and zero
"Institutional" Shares) and no shares were held in the treasury of MFG. There
are no outstanding shares of Vista U.S. Government Securities Fund and Vista
American Value Fund.
The Reorganization Agreement was approved by the Board of Trustees of MFG
on December 14, 1995 and by the Board of Directors of Hanover on December 13,
1995.
Upon satisfaction of all conditions precedent set forth in the
Reorganization Agreement, the Reorganization will be effected as set forth in
the following summary:
1. Pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement, Hanover will cause each
Hanover Portfolio to convey, transfer and deliver at the Closing to the
MFG Portfolio set forth opposite its name in the table attached to the
Reorganization Agreement as Schedule I (each such MFG Portfolio being the
"Corresponding MFG Portfolio" of the Hanover Portfolio set forth opposite
its name, and each such Hanover Portfolio being the "Corresponding Hanover
Portfolio" of the MFG Portfolio set forth opposite its name) all of the
then existing assets of such Hanover Portfolio. In consideration thereof,
MFG agrees at the Closing to cause each MFG Portfolio (i) to assume and
pay, to the extent that they exist on or after the Effective Time of the
Reorganization, all of the obligations and liabilities of its
Corresponding Hanover Portfolio and (ii) to issue and deliver to the
Corresponding Hanover Portfolio full and fractional shares of beneficial
interest of the Corresponding MFG Portfolio as follows: (1) to The Hanover
Short Term U.S. Government Fund, Class A shares of Vista Short Term Bond
Fund; (2) to The Hanover U.S. Government Fund, Institutional Class shares
of Vista U.S. Government Fund; (3) to The Hanover Blue Chip Growth Fund,
Institutional Class shares of Vista Equity Fund (to be renamed Vista Large
Cap Equity Fund in connection with the Reorganization); (4) to The Hanover
Small Capitalization Growth Fund, Class A Shares and Institutional Class
shares, as described in paragraph (2) below, of Vista Small Cap Equity
Fund; and (5) to The Hanover American Value Fund, shares of Vista American
Value Fund (the shares of the MFG Portfolios to be received by the Hanover
Portfolios in connection with the Reorganization are referred to
collectively as the "MFG Portfolio Shares"), with respect to each class of
each MFG Portfolio equal to that number of full and fractional MFG
Portfolio Shares as determined in Section 2(c) of the Reorganization
Agreement. Any shares of capital stock, par value $.001 per share, of the
Hanover Portfolios ("Hanover Portfolio Shares") held in the treasury of
Hanover on the Effective Time of the Reorganization shall thereupon be
retired.
2. At the Effective Time of the Reorganization, each Hanover Portfolio
will liquidate and distribute pro rata to its holders of Hanover Portfolio
Shares as of the Effective Time of the Reorganization the MFG Portfolio
Shares of the Corresponding MFG Portfolio received by such Hanover
Portfolio pursuant to Section 2(a) of the Reorganization Agreement. In the
case of each Hanover Portfolio other than The Hanover Small Capitalization
Growth Fund, all shareholders of such Hanover Portfolios will receive the
MFG Portfolio Shares of the Corresponding MFG Portfolio identified in
Section 2(a)(1) above. In the case of the Hanover Small Capitalization
Growth Fund, shareholders of both the "Investor Shares" and the "Advisor
Shares" thereof will receive Class A shares of the Vista Small Cap Equity
Fund and shareholders of "CBC Benefit Shares" thereof will receive
Institutional Class shares of the Vista Small Cap Equity Fund. Such
liquidation and distribution will be accompanied by the establishment of
an account on the respective share records of each MFG Portfolio in the
name of each record holder of Hanover Portfolio Shares of the
Corresponding Hanover Portfolio and representing the respective pro rata
number of MFG Portfolio Shares of the Corresponding MFG Portfolio due such
shareholder. Fractional Corresponding MFG Portfolio Shares will be carried
to the third decimal place. Simultaneously with such crediting of MFG
Portfolio Shares to the shareholders, the Hanover Portfolio Shares held by
such shareholders shall be cancelled.
3. As soon as practicable after the Effective Time of the
Reorganization, Hanover shall take all the necessary steps under Maryland
law and Hanover's Articles of Incorporation, as amended and supplemented,
to effect a complete dissolution of Hanover and to deregister Hanover
under the Act.
In acting as special counsel to MFG and Hanover with respect to the
Reorganization, we have, among other things, reviewed the following
documents:
1. The Reorganization Agreement;
2. The proxy statement of MFG as filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission; and
3. MFG's Registration Statement on Form N-14 under the Securities Act
of 1933, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"Registration Statement on Form N-14").
For purposes of this opinion, as hereinafter set forth, we have reviewed
such other documents relating to the Reorganization as we have deemed
relevant under the circumstances and have relied upon representations
contained in certain certificates (the "Certificates") provided to us by
Hanover, MFG, Chemical Banking Corporation and The Chase Manhattan
Corporation.
If the merger is effected on a factual basis different from that
contemplated above, any or all of the opinions expressed herein may be
inapplicable. Further, our opinion is based on (i) the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), (ii) Treasury Regulations, (iii) judicial
precedents and (iv) administrative interpretations (including the current
ruling practice of the Internal Revenue Service) as of the date hereof. If
there is any subsequent change in the applicable law or regulations, or if
there are subsequently any new administrative or judicial interpretations of
the law or regulations, any or all of the individual opinions expressed
herein may become inapplicable
Based on the foregoing, and assuming that the Reorganization is effected
in accordance with the terms of the Reorganization Agreement (and exhibits
thereto) and that the statements set forth in the Certificates are true as of
the Effective Time, it is our opinion that for federal income tax purposes:
(i) the Reorganization will constitute a reorganization within the
meaning of section 368(a)(1) of the Code with respect to each Hanover
Portfolio and its Corresponding MFG Portfolio;
(ii) no gain or loss will be recognized by any of the Hanover Portfolios
or the Corresponding MFG Portfolios upon the transfer of all the assets and
liabilities, if any, of each Hanover Portfolio to its Corresponding MFG
Portfolio solely in exchange for MFG Portfolio Shares or upon the
distribution of the MFG Portfolio Shares to the holders of Hanover Portfolio
Shares solely in exchange for all of their Hanover Portfolio Shares;
(iii) no gain or loss will be recognized by shareholders of any of the
Hanover Portfolios upon the exchange of such Hanover Portfolio Shares solely
for MFG Portfolio Shares;
(iv) the holding period and tax basis of the MFG Portfolio Shares
received by each holder of Hanover Portfolio Shares pursuant to the
Reorganization will be the same as the holding period (provided the Hanover
Portfolio Shares were held as a capital asset on the date of the
Reorganization) and tax basis of the Hanover Portfolio Shares held by the
shareholder immediately prior to the Reorganization; and
(v) the holding period and tax basis of the assets of each of the
Hanover Portfolios acquired by its Corresponding MFG Portfolio will be the
same as the holding period and tax basis of those assets to each of the
Hanover Portfolios immediately prior to the Reorganization.
The payment by Chemical Banking Corporation and/or The Chase Manhattan
Corporation of certain expenses of Hanover and MFG which are directly related
to the Reorganization (referred to in section 10 of the Reorganization
Agreement) will not affect the opinions set forth above regarding the federal
income tax consequences of the exchanges by Hanover and the shareholders of
Hanover. However, no opinion is expressed as to any other federal income tax
consequences to any of the parties of the payment of such expenses by
Chemical Banking Corporation and/or The Chase Manhattan Corporation.
We express our opinion herein only as to those matters specifically set
forth above and such opinion may be relied upon solely by you for the
exclusive purpose of ascertaining the federal income tax consequences of the
Reorganization contemplated in the Reorganization Agreement to the Hanover
Portfolios, the MFG Portfolios and the shareholders of the Corresponding
Hanover Portfolios on their receipt of the MFG Portfolio Shares pursuant to
the Reorganization Agreement. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion
as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form N-14 and to the use of
our name therein.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxx
XXXXXXX XXXXXXX & XXXXXXXX
