EXHIBIT 2(a)
▇▇▇▇▇▇ MUNICIPAL OPPORTUNITIES TRUST
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST made at Boston,
Massachusetts, this 1st day of April, 1993, by the Trustee hereunder and by the
holders of shares of beneficial interest to be issued hereunder as hereinafter
provided
WITNESSETH that
WHEREAS, this Trust has been formed to carry on the business of an
investment company; and
WHEREAS, the Trustees have agreed to manage all property coming into
their hands as trustees of a Massachusetts voluntary association with
transferable shares in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth;
NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby declare that they will hold all
cash, securities and other assets, which they may from time to time acquire in
any manner as Trustees hereunder, IN TRUST to manage and dispose of the same
upon the following terms and conditions for the benefit of the holders from time
to time of Shares in this Trust as hereinafter set forth.
ARTICLE I
Name and Definitions
Name
Section 1. This Trust shall be known as "▇▇▇▇▇▇ Municipal
Opportunities Trust", and the Trustees shall conduct the business of the Trust
under that name or any other name as they may from time to time determine.
Definitions
Section 2. Whenever used herein, unless otherwise required by the
context or specifically provided:
(a) The "Trust" refers to the Massachusetts business trust
established by this Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended
from time to time;
(b) "Trustees" refers to the Trustees of the Trust named herein or
elected in accordance with Article IV;
(c) "Shares" means the equal proportionate transferable units of
interest into which the beneficial interest in the Trust shall be
divided from time to time or, if more than one class or series of
Shares is authorized by the Trustees, the equal proportionate
transferable units into which each class or series of Shares shall be
divided from time to time;
(d) "Shareholder" means a record owner of Shares;
(e) The "1940 Act" refers to the Investment Company Act of 1940 and
the Rules and Regulations thereunder, all as amended from time to
time;
(f) The terms "Affiliated Person", "Assignment", "Commission",
"Interested Person", "Principal Underwriter" and "Majority
Shareholder Vote" (the 67% or 50% requirement of the third sentence
of Section 2(a)(42) of the 1940 Act, whichever may be applicable)
shall have the meanings given them in the 1940 Act;
(g) "Declaration of Trust" shall mean this Agreement and Declaration
of Trust as amended or restated from time to time;
(h) "Bylaws" shall mean the Bylaws of the Trust as amended from time
to time;
(i) The term "class" or "class of Shares" refers to the division of
Shares into two or more classes as provided in Article III, Section 1
hereof; and
(j) The term "series" or "series of Shares" refers to the division of
Shares representing any class into two or more series as provided in
Article III, Section 1 hereof.
ARTICLE II
Purpose of Trust
The purpose of the Trust is to provide investors a managed investment
primarily in securities, debt instruments and other instruments and rights of a
financial character.
ARTICLE III
Shares
Division of Beneficial Interest
Section 1. The Trustees may, without Shareholder approval, authorize
one or more classes of Shares (which classes may be divided into two or more
series), Shares of each such class or series having such preferences, voting
powers and special or relative rights or privileges (including conversion
rights, if any) as the Trustees may determine and as shall be set forth in the
Bylaws. The number of Shares of each class or series authorized shall be
unlimited except as the Bylaws may otherwise provide. The Trustees may from time
to time divide or combine the Shares of any class or series into a greater or
lesser number without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in
the class or series.
Ownership of Shares
Section 2. The ownership of Shares shall be recorded on the books of
the Trust or a transfer or similar agent. No certificates certifying the
ownership of Shares shall be issued except as the Trustees may otherwise
determine from time to time. The Trustees may make such rules as they consider
appropriate for the issuance of Share certificates, the transfer of Shares and
similar matters. The record books of the Trust as kept by the Trust or any
transfer or similar agent, as the case may be, shall be conclusive as to who are
the Shareholders of each class or series and as to the number of Shares of each
class or series held from time to time by each Shareholder.
Investment in the Trust
Section 3. The Trustees shall accept investments in the Trust from
such persons and on such terms and for such consideration, which may consist of
cash or tangible or intangible property or a combination thereof, as they or the
Bylaws from time to time authorize.
No Preemptive Rights
Section 4. Shareholders shall have no preemptive or other right to
subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by the Trust.
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Status of Shares and Limitation of Personal Liability
Section 5. Shares shall be deemed to be personal property giving only
the rights provided in this Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws. Every
Shareholder by virtue of having become a Shareholder shall be held to have
expressly assented and agreed to the terms of this Declaration of Trust and the
Bylaws and to have become a party hereto and thereto. The death of a Shareholder
during the continuance of the Trust shall not operate to terminate the same nor
entitle the representative of any deceased Shareholder to an accounting or to
take any action in court or elsewhere against the Trust or the Trustees, but
only to the rights of said decedent under this Trust. Ownership of Shares shall
not entitle the Shareholder to any title in or to the whole or any part of the
Trust property or right to call for a partition or division of the same or for
an accounting, nor shall the ownership of Shares constitute the Shareholders
partners. Neither the Trust nor the Trustees, nor any officer, employee or agent
of the Trust shall have any power to bind personally any Shareholder, nor except
as specifically provided herein to call upon any Shareholder for the payment of
any sum of money or assessment whatsoever other than such as the Shareholder may
at any time personally agree to pay.
ARTICLE IV
The Trustees
Election
Section 1. Subject to the voting powers of one or more classes or
series of Shares as set forth in the Bylaws, in each year beginning in 1994, at
the annual meeting of Shareholders or at any special meeting held in lieu
thereof, or at any special meeting held before 1994, the Shareholders shall fix
the number of and elect a Board of not less than three Trustees, each of whom
shall serve until the next annual meeting or special meeting in lieu thereof and
until the election and qualification of his or her successor, or until he or she
sooner dies, resigns or is removed. At any meeting called for the purpose and
subject to the voting powers of one or more classes of Shares as set forth in
the Bylaws, a Trustee may be removed by vote of the holders of two-thirds of the
outstanding Shares entitled to vote, except that a Trustee elected by the
holders of one or more classes of Shares may be removed only by vote of the
holders of two-thirds of the Shares entitled to vote for such Trustee. The
initial Trustees, each of whom shall serve until the first meeting of
Shareholders at which Trustees are elected and until his or her successor is
elected and qualified, or until he or she sooner dies, resigns or is removed,
shall be ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ and such other persons as the Trustee or Trustees then in
office shall, prior to any sale of Shares pursuant to a public offering, elect.
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Effect of Death, Resignation, etc. of a Trustee
Section 2. The death, declination, resignation, retirement, removal
or incapacity of the Trustees, or any one of them, shall not operate to annul
the Trust or to revoke any existing agency created pursuant to the terms of this
Declaration of Trust.
Powers
Section 3. Subject to the provisions of this Declaration of Trust,
the business of the Trust shall be managed by the Trustees, and they shall have
all powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility. Without
limiting the foregoing, the Trustees may adopt Bylaws not inconsistent with this
Declaration of Trust providing for the conduct of the business of the Trust and
may amend and repeal them to the extent that such Bylaws do not reserve that
right to the Shareholders of one or more classes or series. Subject to the
voting power of one or more classes or series of Shares as set forth in the
Bylaws, the Trustees may fill vacancies in or add to their number, and may elect
and remove such officers and appoint and terminate such agents as they consider
appropriate; they may appoint from their own number, and terminate, any one or
more committees consisting of two or more Trustees, including an executive
committee which may, when the Trustees are not in session, exercise some or all
of the power and authority of the Trustees as the Trustees may determine; they
may employ one or more custodians of the assets of the Trust and may authorize
such custodians to employ subcustodians and to deposit all or any part of such
assets in a system or systems for the central handling of securities, retain a
transfer agent or a Shareholder servicing agent, or both, provide for the
distribution of Shares by the Trust, through one or more principal underwriters
or otherwise, set record dates for the determination of Shareholders with
respect to various matters, and in general delegate such authority as they
consider desirable to any officer of the Trust, to any committee of the Trustees
and to any agent or employee of the Trust or to any such custodian or
underwriter.
Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees shall have power and
authority:
(a) To invest and reinvest cash, and to hold cash uninvested;
(b) To sell, exchange, lend, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, write
options on and lease any or all of the assets of the Trust except as
otherwise provided in Article IX, Section 5;
(c) To vote or give assent, or exercise any rights of ownership, with
respect to stock or other securities or property; and to execute and
deliver proxies or powers of attorney to such person or persons as
the Trustees shall deem proper, granting to such person or persons
such power and discretion with relation to securities or property as
the Trustees shall deem proper;
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(d) To exercise powers and rights of subscription or otherwise which
in any manner arise out of ownership of securities;
(e) To hold any security or property in a form not indicating any
trust, whether in bearer, unregistered or other negotiable form, or
in the name of the Trustees or of the Trust or in the name of a
custodian, subcustodian or other depositary or a nominee or nominees
or otherwise;
(f) To the extent necessary or appropriate to give effect to the
preferences, special or relative rights and privileges of any classes
or series of Shares, to allocate assets, liabilities, income and
expenses of the Trust to a particular class or classes or series of
Shares or to apportion the same among two or more classes or series;
(g) To consent to or participate in any plan for the reorganization,
consolidation or merger of any corporation or issuer, any security of
which is or was held in the Trust; to consent to any contract, lease,
mortgage, purchase or sale of property by such corporation or issuer,
and to pay calls or subscriptions with respect to any security held
in the Trust;
(h) To join other security holders in acting through a committee,
depositary, voting trustee or otherwise, and in that connection to
deposit any security with, or transfer any security to, any such
committee, depositary or trustee, and to delegate to them such power
and authority with relation to any security (whether or not so
deposited or transferred) as the Trustees shall deem proper, and to
agree to pay, and to pay, such portion of the expenses and
compensation of such committee, depositary or trustee as the Trustees
shall deem proper;
(i) To compromise, arbitrate or otherwise adjust claims in favor of
or against the Trust or any matter in controversy, including but not
limited to claims for taxes;
(j) To enter into joint ventures, general or limited partnerships and
any other combinations or associations;
(k) To borrow funds;
(l) To endorse or guarantee the payment of any notes or other
obligations of any person; to make contracts of guaranty or
suretyship, or otherwise assume liability for payment thereof; and to
mortgage and pledge the Trust property or any part thereof to secure
any of or all such obligations;
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(m) To purchase and pay for entirely out of Trust property such
insurance as they may deem necessary or appropriate for the conduct
of the business, including, without limitation, insurance policies
insuring the assets of the Trust and payment of distributions and
principal on its portfolio investments, and insurance policies
insuring the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees, agents,
investment advisers or managers, principal underwriters, or
independent contractors of the Trust individually against all claims
and liabilities of every nature arising by reason of holding, being
or having held any such office or position, or by reason of any
action alleged to have been taken or omitted by any such person as
Shareholder, Trustee, officer, employee, agent, investment adviser or
manager, principal underwriter, or independent contractor, including
any action taken or omitted that may be determined to constitute
negligence, whether or not the Trust would have the power to
indemnify such person against such liability;
(n) To pay pensions for faithful service, as deemed appropriate by
the Trustees, and to adopt, establish and carry out pension,
profit-sharing, share bonus, share purchase, savings, thrift and
other retirement, incentive and benefit plans, trusts and provisions,
including the purchasing of life insurance and annuity contracts as a
means of providing such retirement and other benefits, for any or all
of the Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust; and
(o) To purchase or otherwise acquire Shares.
The Trustees shall not in any way be bound or limited by any present
or future law or custom in regard to investments by trustees. Except as
otherwise provided herein or from time to time in the Bylaws, any action to be
taken by the Trustees may be taken by a majority of the Trustees present at a
meeting of the Trustees (a quorum being present), within or without
Massachusetts, including any meeting held by means of a conference telephone or
other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in
the meeting can hear each other at the same time and participation by such means
shall constitute presence in person at a meeting, or by written consent of a
majority of the Trustees then in office.
Payment of Expenses by Trust
Section 4. The Trustees are authorized to pay, or to cause to be paid
out of the assets of the Trust, all expenses, fees, charges, taxes and
liabilities incurred or arising in connection with the Trust, or in connection
with the management thereof, including, but not limited to, the Trustees'
compensation and such expenses and charges for the services
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of the Trust's officers, employees, investment adviser or manager, principal
underwriter, auditor, counsel, custodian, transfer agent, Shareholder servicing
agent, and such other agents or independent contractors and such other expenses
and charges as the Trustees may deem necessary or proper to incur.
Ownership of Assets of the Trust
Section 5. Title to all of the assets of the Trust shall at all times
be considered as vested in the Trustees.
Advisory, Management and Distribution
Section 6. Subject to a favorable Majority Shareholder Vote, the
Trustees may, at any time and from time to time, contract for exclusive or
nonexclusive advisory and/or management services with any corporation, trust,
association or other organization (the "Manager"), every such contract to comply
with such requirements and restrictions as may be set forth in the Bylaws; and
any such contract may contain such other terms interpretive of or in addition to
said requirements and restrictions as the Trustees may determine, including,
without limitation, authority to determine from time to time what investments
shall be purchased, held, sold or exchanged and what portion, if any, of the
assets of the Trust shall be held uninvested and to make changes in the Trust's
investments. The Trustees may also, at any time and from time to time, contract
with the Manager or any other corporation, trust, association or other
organization, appointing it exclusive or nonexclusive distributor or principal
underwriter for the Shares, every such contract to comply with such requirements
and restrictions as may be set forth in the Bylaws; and any such contract may
contain such other terms interpretive of or in addition to said requirements and
restrictions as the Trustees may determine.
The fact that:
(i) any of the Shareholders, Trustees or officers of the Trust is a
shareholder, director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, manager,
adviser, principal underwriter or distributor or agent of or for any
corporation, trust, association, or other organization, or of or for
any parent or affiliate of any organization, with which an advisory
or management contract, or principal underwriter's or distributor's
contract, or transfer, Shareholder servicing or other agency contract
may have been or may hereafter be made, or that any such
organization, or any parent or affiliate thereof, is a Shareholder or
has an interest in the Trust, or that
(ii) any corporation, trust, association or other organization with
which an advisory or management contract or principal underwriter's
or
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distributor's contract, or transfer, Shareholder servicing or other
agency contract may have been or may hereafter be made also has an
advisory or management contract, or principal underwriter's or
distributor's contract, or transfer, Shareholder servicing or other
agency contract with one or more other corporations, trusts,
associations, or other organizations, or has other business or
interests
shall not affect the validity of any such contract or disqualify any
Shareholder, Trustee or officer of the Trust from voting upon or executing the
same or create any liability or accountability to the Trust or its Shareholders.
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ARTICLE V
Shareholders' Voting Powers and Meetings
Voting Powers
Section 1. Subject to the voting powers of one or more classes or
series of Shares as set forth in this Declaration of Trust or in the Bylaws, the
Shareholders shall have power to vote only (i) for the election of Trustees as
provided in Article IV, Section 1, (ii) for the removal of Trustees as provided
in Article IV, Section 1, (iii) with respect to any Manager as provided in
Article IV, Section 6, (iv) with respect to any termination of this Trust to the
extent and as provided in Article IX, Section 4, (v) with respect to any merger,
consolidation or sale of assets of the Trust to the extent and as provided in
Article IX, Section 5, (vi) with respect to any conversion of the Trust as
provided in Article IX, Section 6, (vii) with respect to any amendment of this
Declaration of Trust to the extent and as provided in Article IX, Section 9,
(viii) to the same extent as the stockholders of a Massachusetts business
corporation as to whether or not a court action, proceeding or claim should or
should not be brought or maintained derivatively or as a class action on behalf
of the Trust or the Shareholders, and (ix) with respect to such additional
matters relating to the Trust as may be required by this Declaration of Trust,
the Bylaws or any registration of the Trust with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (or any successor agency) or any state, or as the Trustees may
consider necessary or desirable. Each whole Share shall be entitled to one vote
as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote and each fractional Share shall
be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. Notwithstanding any other
provision of this Declaration of Trust, on any matter submitted to a vote of
Shareholders, all Shares of the Trust then entitled to vote shall, except as
otherwise provided in the Bylaws, be voted in the aggregate as a single class
without regard to classes or series of Shares. There shall be no cumulative
voting in the election of Trustees. Shares may be voted in person or by proxy. A
proxy with respect to Shares held in the name of two or more persons shall be
valid if executed by any one of them unless at or prior to exercise of the proxy
the Trust receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of
them. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall
be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise and the burden of
proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger. Until Shares of any class or
series are issued, the Trustees may exercise all rights of Shareholders and may
take any action required by law, this Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws to be
taken by Shareholders as to such class or series.
Voting Power and Meetings
Section 2. There shall be an annual meeting of the Shareholders in
each year beginning in 1994 on the date fixed in the Bylaws at the office of the
Trust in Boston, Massachusetts, or at such other place as may be designated in
the call thereof, which call
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shall be made by the Trustees. In the event that such meeting is not held in any
year on the date fixed in the Bylaws, whether the omission be by oversight or
otherwise, a subsequent special meeting may be called by the Trustees and held
in lieu of the annual meeting with the same effect as though held on such date.
Special meetings of Shareholders of any or all classes or series may also be
called by the Trustees from time to time for the purpose of taking action upon
any matter requiring the vote or authority of the Shareholders of such class or
series as herein provided or upon any other matter deemed by the Trustees to be
necessary or desirable. Written notice of any meeting of Shareholders shall be
given or caused to be given by the Trustees by mailing such notice at least
seven days before such meeting, postage prepaid, stating the time, place and
purpose of the meeting, to each Shareholder entitled to vote at such meeting at
the Shareholder's address as it appears on the records of the Trust. If the
Trustees shall fail to call or give notice of any meeting of Shareholders for a
period of 30 days after written application by Shareholders holding at least 25%
of the then outstanding Shares of all classes and series entitled to vote at
such meeting requesting a meeting to be called for a purpose requiring action by
the Shareholders as provided herein or in the Bylaws, then Shareholders holding
at least 25% of the then outstanding Shares of all classes and series entitled
to vote at such meeting may call and give notice of such meeting, and thereupon
the meeting shall be held in the manner provided for herein in case of call
thereof by the Trustees. Notice of a meeting need not be given to any
Shareholder if a written waiver of notice, executed by him or her before or
after the meeting, is filed with the records of the meeting, or to any
Shareholder who attends the meeting without protesting prior thereto or at its
commencement the lack of notice to him or her.
Quorum and Required Vote
Section 3. A majority of Shares entitled to vote on a particular
matter shall be a quorum for the transaction of business on that matter at a
Shareholders' meeting, except that where the Bylaws require that holders of any
class or series shall vote as an individual class or series, then a majority of
the aggregate number of Shares of that class or series entitled to vote shall be
necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business by that class
or series. Any lesser number shall be sufficient for adjournments. Any adjourned
session or sessions may be held, within a reasonable time after the date set for
the original meeting, without the necessity of further notice. Except when a
different vote is required by any provision of this Declaration of Trust or the
Bylaws, a majority of the Shares voted shall decide any questions and a
plurality shall elect a Trustee, provided that where the Bylaws require that the
holders of any class or series shall vote as an individual class or series, a
majority of the Shares of that class or series voted on the matter (or a
plurality with respect to the election of a Trustee) shall decide that matter
insofar as that class or series is concerned.
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Action by Written Consent
Section 4. Any action taken by Shareholders may be taken without a
meeting if a majority of Shareholders entitled to vote on the matter (or such
different proportion thereof as shall be required by any express provision of
this Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws) consent to the action in writing and
such written consents are filed with the records of the meetings of
Shareholders. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at
a meeting of Shareholders.
Additional Provisions
Section 5. The Bylaws may include further provisions, not
inconsistent with this Declaration of Trust, regarding Shareholders' voting
powers, the conduct of meetings and related matters.
ARTICLE VI
Distributions
The Trustees may each year, or more frequently if they so determine,
distribute to the Shareholders of each class or series such amounts as the
Trustees may determine subject to the preferences, special or relative rights
and privileges of the various classes or series of Shares. Any such distribution
to the Shareholders of a particular class or series shall be made to said
Shareholders pro rata in proportion to the number of Shares of such class or
series held by each of them. Such distributions shall be made in cash or Shares
or other property or a combination thereof as determined by the Trustees.
ARTICLE VII
Compensation and Limitation of Liability of Trustees
Compensation
Section 1. The Trustees as such shall be entitled to reasonable
compensation from the Trust; they may fix the amount of their compensation.
Nothing herein shall in any way prevent the employment of any Trustee for
advisory, management, legal, accounting, investment banking or other services
and payment for the same by the Trust.
Limitation of Liability
Section 2. The Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any
event for any neglect or wrongdoing of any officer, agent, employee, manager or
principal underwriter of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee be responsible for the
act or omission of any other Trustee, but nothing herein contained shall protect
any Trustee against any liability to which he or she would otherwise be subject
by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith,
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gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of
his or her office.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking
and every other act or thing whatsoever executed or done by or on behalf of the
Trust or the Trustees or any of them in connection with the Trust shall be
conclusively deemed to have been executed or done only in or with respect to
their or his or her capacity as Trustees or Trustee, and such Trustees or
Trustee shall not be personally liable thereon.
ARTICLE VIII
Indemnification
Trustees, Officers, etc.
Section 1. The Trust shall indemnify each of its Trustees and
officers (including persons who serve at the Trust's request as directors,
officers or trustees of another organization in which the Trust has any interest
as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise) (hereinafter referred to as a "Covered
Person") against all liabilities and expenses, including but not limited to
amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and
penalties, and counsel fees reasonably incurred by any Covered Person in
connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other
proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or
legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be or may have been involved
as a party or otherwise or with which such Covered Person may be or may have
been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of being or having
been such a Covered Person except with respect to any matter as to which such
Covered Person shall have been finally adjudicated in any such action, suit or
other proceeding (a) not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief
that such Covered Person's action was in the best interests of the Trust or (b)
to be liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance,
bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of such Covered Person's office. Expenses, including counsel fees so
incurred by any such Covered Person (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction
of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties), shall be paid from time
to time by the Trust in advance of the final disposition of any such action,
suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such
Covered Person to repay amounts so paid to the Trust if it is ultimately
determined that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under this
Article, provided, however, that either (a) such Covered Person shall have
provided appropriate security for such undertaking, (b) the Trust shall be
insured against losses arising from any such advance payments or (c) either a
majority of the disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a
majority of the disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter), or
independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall have determined, based
upon a review of readily available facts (as
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opposed to a full trial type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that such
Covered Person will be found entitled to indemnification under this Article.
Compromise Payment
Section 2. As to any matter disposed of (whether by a compromise
payment, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise) without an adjudication by a
court, or by any other body before which the proceeding was brought, that such
Covered Person either (a) did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief
that his or her action was in the best interests of the Trust or (b) is liable
to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith,
gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of
his or her office, indemnification shall be provided if (a) approved as in the
best interests of the Trust, after notice that it involves such indemnification,
by at least a majority of the disinterested Trustees acting on the matter
(provided that a majority of the disinterested Trustees then in office act on
the matter) upon a determination, based upon a review of readily available facts
(as opposed to a full trial type inquiry), that such Covered Person acted in
good faith in the reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best
interests of the Trust and is not liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by
reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard
of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office, or (b) there has
been obtained an opinion in writing of independent legal counsel, based upon a
review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry), to
the effect that such Covered Person appears to have acted in good faith in the
reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best interests of the Trust
and that such indemnification would not protect such Covered Person against any
liability to the Trust to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason
of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the
duties involved in the conduct of his or her office. Any approval pursuant to
this Section shall not prevent the recovery from any Covered Person of any
amount paid to such Covered Person in accordance with this Section as
indemnification if such Covered Person is subsequently adjudicated by a court of
competent jurisdiction not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief
that such Covered Person's action was in the best interests of the Trust or to
have been liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties
involved in the conduct of such Covered Person's office.
Indemnification Not Exclusive
Section 3. The right of indemnification hereby provided shall not be
exclusive of or affect any other rights to which such Covered Person may be
entitled. As used in this Article VIII, the term "Covered Person" shall include
such person's heirs, executors and administrators, and a "disinterested Trustee"
is a Trustee who is not an "interested person" of the Trust as defined in
Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act (or who has been
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exempted from being an "interested person" by any rule, regulation or order of
the Securities and Exchange Commission) and against whom none of such actions,
suits or other proceedings or another action, suit or other proceeding on the
same or similar grounds is then or has been pending. Nothing contained in this
Article shall affect any rights to indemnification to which personnel of the
Trust, other than Trustees or officers, and other persons may be entitled by
contract or otherwise under law, nor the power of the Trust to purchase and
maintain liability insurance on behalf of any such person.
Shareholders
Section 4. In case any Shareholder or former Shareholder shall be
held to be personally liable solely by reason of his or her being or having been
a Shareholder and not because of his or her acts or omissions or for some other
reason, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or his or her heirs, executors,
administrators or other legal representatives or, in the case of a corporation
or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled to
be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from
such liability.
ARTICLE IX
Miscellaneous
Trustees, Shareholders, etc. Not Personally Liable; Notice
Section 1. All persons extending credit to, contracting with or
having any claim against the Trust shall look only to the assets of the Trust
for payment under such credit, contract or claim, and neither the Shareholders
nor the Trustees, nor any of the Trust's officers, employees or agents, whether
past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor. Nothing in this
Declaration of Trust shall protect any Trustee against any liability to which
such Trustee would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad
faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of the office of Trustee.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking
made or issued by the Trustees or by any officer or officers shall give notice
that this Declaration of Trust is on file with the Secretary of State of The
Commonwealth of Massachusetts and shall recite that the same was executed or
made by or on behalf of the Trust or by them as Trustee or Trustees or as
officer or officers and not individually and that the obligations of such
instrument are not binding upon any of them or the Shareholders individually
but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Trust, and may contain
such further recital as he or she or they may deem appropriate, but the
omission thereof shall not operate to bind any Trustee or Trustees or officer
or officers or Shareholder or Shareholders individually.
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Trustee's Good Faith Action, Expert Advice, No Bond or Surety
Section 2. The exercise by the Trustees of their powers and
discretions hereunder shall be binding upon everyone interested. A Trustee shall
be liable for his or her own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or
reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of
Trustee, and for nothing else. The Trustees may take advice of counsel or other
experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Declaration of Trust,
and shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such
advice or for failing to follow such advice. The Trustees shall not be required
to give any bond as such, nor any surety if a bond is required.
Liability of Third Persons Dealing with Trustees
Section 3. No person dealing with the Trustees shall be bound to make
any inquiry concerning the validity of any transaction made or to be made by the
Trustees or to see to the application of any payments made or property
transferred to the Trust or upon its order.
Duration and Termination of Trust
Section 4. Unless terminated as provided herein, the Trust shall
continue without limitation of time. Subject to the voting powers of one or more
classes or series of Shares as set forth in the Bylaws, the Trust may be
terminated at any time by vote of Shareholders holding at least two-thirds of
the Shares entitled to vote (provided, however, if such termination is
recommended by two-thirds of the total number of the Trustees then in office,
the vote of a majority of the Shares entitled to vote shall be sufficient
authorization) or by the Trustees by written notice to the Shareholders. Upon
termination of the Trust, after paying or otherwise providing for all charges,
taxes, expenses and liabilities, whether due or accrued or anticipated, of the
Trust as may be determined by the Trustees, the Trust shall, in accordance with
such procedures as the Trustees consider appropriate, reduce the remaining
assets to distributable form in cash or shares or other property, or any
combination thereof, and distribute the proceeds to the Shareholders, ratably
according to the number of Shares held by the several Shareholders on the date
of termination, except to the extent otherwise required or permitted by the
preferences and special or relative rights and privileges of any classes
or series of Shares.
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▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ and Sale of Assets
Section 5. The Trust may merge or consolidate with any other
corporation, association, trust or other organization or may sell, lease or
exchange all or substantially all of its assets, including its good will, upon
such terms and conditions and for such consideration when and as authorized at
any meeting of Shareholders called for the purpose, or may liquidate or dissolve
when and as authorized, by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than
two-thirds of the Shares entitled to vote, provided, however, that if such
merger, consolidation, sale, lease or exchange is recommended by two-thirds of
the total number of Trustees then in office, the vote of the holders of a
majority of the Shares entitled to vote shall be sufficient authorization.
Nothing contained herein shall be construed as requiring approval of the
Shareholders for any sale of assets in the ordinary course of business of the
Trust. The provisions of this Section shall be subject to the voting powers of
one or more classes or series of Shares as set forth in the Bylaws.
Conversion
Section 6. Subject to the voting powers of one or more classes or
series of Shares as set forth in the Bylaws, the Trust may be converted at any
time from a "closed-end company" to an "open-end company" as those terms are
defined in Section 5(a)(2) and 5(a)(1) of the 1940 Act, respectively, as in
effect on the date of the execution hereof, upon the approval of such a
proposal, together with any necessary amendments to the Declaration of Trust to
permit such a conversion, by the holders of two-thirds of the Shares entitled to
vote, except that if such proposal is recommended by two-thirds of the total
number of Trustees then in office, such proposal may be adopted by a vote of the
majority of the Shares entitled to vote. Upon the adoption of such proposal and
related amendments by the Trust's Shareholders as provided above, the Trust
shall, upon complying with any requirements of the 1940 Act and state law,
become an "open-end" investment company. Such affirmative vote or consent shall
be in addition to the vote or consent of the holders of the Shares otherwise
required by law, the Bylaws or any agreement between the Trust and any national
securities exchange.
Filing and Copies, References, Headings
Section 7. The original or a copy of this instrument and of each
amendment hereto shall be kept at the office of the Trust where it may be
inspected by any Shareholder. A copy of this instrument and of each amendment
hereto shall be filed by the Trust with the Secretary of State of The
Commonwealth of Massachusetts and with the Boston City Clerk, as well as any
other governmental office where such filing may from time to time be required.
Anyone dealing with the Trust may rely on a certificate by an officer of the
Trust as to whether or not any such amendments have been made and as to any
matters in connection with the Trust hereunder, and, with the same effect as if
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it were the original, may rely on a copy certified by an officer of the Trust to
be a copy of this instrument or of any such amendments. In this instrument and
in any such amendment, references to this instrument and all expressions like
"herein", "hereof" and "hereunder" shall be deemed to refer to this instrument
as amended or affected by any such amendments. Headings are placed herein for
convenience of reference only and shall not be taken as a part hereof or control
or affect the meaning, construction or effect of this instrument. This
instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts each of which shall be
deemed an original.
Applicable Law
Section 8. This Declaration of Trust is made in The Commonwealth of
Massachusetts, and it is created under and is to be governed by and construed
and administered according to the laws of said Commonwealth. The Trust shall be
of the type commonly called a Massachusetts business trust, and without limiting
the provisions hereof, the Trust may exercise all powers which are ordinarily
exercised by such a trust.
Amendments
Section 9. Subject to the voting powers of one or more classes or
series of Shares, as set forth in the Bylaws, this Declaration of Trust may be
amended at any time by an instrument in writing signed by a majority of the then
Trustees (a) when authorized to do so by vote of Shareholders holding a majority
of the Shares entitled to vote, except that an amendment amending or affecting
the provisions of Section 1 of Article IV, Section 4, 5 or 6 of this Article IX
or this sentence shall require the vote of Shareholders holding two-thirds of
the Shares entitled to vote, or (b) without Shareholder approval as may be
necessary or desirable in order to authorize one or more classes or series of
Shares as provided in Section 1 of Article III. Amendments having the purpose of
changing the name of the Trust or of supplying any omission, curing any
ambiguity or curing, correcting or supplementing any defective or inconsistent
provision contained herein shall not require authorization by Shareholder vote.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has hereunto set his hand and
seal in the City of Boston, Massachusetts for himself and his assigns, as of the
day and year first above written.
/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇
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▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇
THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
Suffolk, ss. Boston, April 1, 1993
Then personally appeared the above-named ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ and
acknowledged the foregoing instrument to be their free act and deed, before me,
/s/ ▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
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Notary Public
My Commission Expires: 10/25/96
Trustees and Addresses
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Registered Agent
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CT Corporation System
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Trust Address
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▇▇▇▇▇▇ Municipal Opportunities Trust
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