Common use of Xxxxxx and X Clause in Contracts

Xxxxxx and X. Xxxxxxx. 1999. Survey of livestock influences on stream and riparian ecosystems in the western United States. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 54:419–431. Xxxxx, L., X. Xxxxxx, X. Xxxxxxx, and X. Xxxxxx. 2003. Effects of post-wildfire erosion on channel environments, Boise River, Idaho. Forest Ecology and Management 178:105– 119. Xxxxxxx, X.X., S. St-Hilaire, X.X. Xxxxx, X.X. Xxxxxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx. 2011. Toxicity of the piscicide rotenone to Columbia spotted frog and boreal toad. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 140:919–927. Xxxxxxx, X.X., X.X. Xxxxx, S. St-Hilaire, X.X. Xxxx, X.X. Xxxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx. 2012. Effects of rotenone on Columbia spotted frogs Rana luteiventris during field applications in lentic habitats of southwestern Montana. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 32:781–789. Xxxxxx, C.A. 1991. The effects of pesticides on amphibians and the implications for determining causes of declines in amphibian populations. Pages 67-70 In: Declines in Canadian amphibian populations: designing a national strategy, C. A. Xxxxxx and X. X. Xxxxxx, eds., Occasional Paper No. 76, Canadian Wildlife Service. Xxxxxxxxx, A.R., X.X. Xxxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxxxxxxx, X.X. Xxx, X.X. Xxxxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx. 2005. Interspecific variation in susceptibility of frog tadpoles to the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Conservation Biology 19:1460–1468. Xxxxx, M.D., P.S. Corn, M.A. Xxxxxxxx, X.X. Little, and P.H. Xxxxxxxxxxxx. 2003. Physical stressors. Pages 129–151 in X.X. Xxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx (editors), Amphibian decline: an integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects. SETAC Press, Pensacola, Florida. Xxxxx, M.D., X.X. Xxxxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxx. 2007. Multiple stressors in amphibian communities: effects of chemical contamination, bullfrogs, and fish. Ecological Applications 17:291–301. Xxxxx, X.X., X.X. Xxx, X. Xxxxxxx, and X.X. Xxxx. 2012. Willow cover as a stream-recovery indicator under a conservation grazing plan. Ecological Indicators 18:512–519. Xxx, X.X., and X.X. Sites, Jr. 2001. Phylogeography and conservation genetics of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris; Amphibia, Ranidae). Molecular Ecology 10:1499–1513. Xxxxxxxx, X.X. 2005. Factors implicated in amphibian population declines in the United States. Pages 915–925 in X. Xxxxxx (editor), Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. Xxxxxxx, X.X., and X.X. Xxxxxxxxx. 2005. Xenobiotics. Pages 89–92 in X. Xxxxxx (editor), Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. Xxxxxx, X.X., V.T. Xxxxxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxxx. 2005. Investigating the population level effects of chytridiomycosis: an emerging infectious disease of amphibians. Ecology 86:3149–3159. Bull, E.L. 2005. Ecology of the Columbia spotted frog in northeastern Oregon. General Technical Report PNW–GTR–640. Portland, Oregon: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 46 pp. Bull, E.L. 2006. Monitoring populations and the presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) in northeastern Oregon. 2006 Annual Report. Pacific Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx. Xx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx. 10 pp. Bull, E.L. And X.X. Xxxxx. 2000. Livestock effects or reproduction of the Columbia spotted frog. Journal of Range Management, 53:291-294. Bull, E.L., and X.X. Xxxxx. 2001. Post-breeding season movements of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) in northeastern Oregon. Western North American Naturalist 61:119– 123. Bull, E.L., and X.X. Xxxxx. 2002. Overwintering of Columbia spotted frogs in northeastern Oregon. Northwest Science 76:141–147. Bull, E.L., and X.X. Xxxxxxxx. 2003. Water temperature at oviposition sites of Rana luteiventris in northeastern Oregon. Western North American Naturalist 63:108–113. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2011. Xxxxxx and Xxxxx Creek fish barriers. Environmental Assessment (DOI–BLM–NV–N020–2011–0035–EA), Elko District, Tuscarora Field Office, Elko, Nevada. 42 pp. Xxxxxxxx, X.X., X.X. Xxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxx, and S.R. Sheffield. 2003. Chemical stressors. Pages 111–128 in X.X. Xxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx (editors), Amphibian decline: an integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects. SETAC Press, Pensacola, Florida. Bury, R.B. 2004. Wildfire, fuel reduction, and herpetofaunas across diverse landscape mosaics in northwestern forests. Conservation Biology 18:968–975.

Xxxxxx and X. Xxxxxxx. 1999. Survey of livestock influences on stream and riparian ecosystems in the western United States. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 54:419–43154: 419‐431. XxxxxXxx‐Xxxxx, L.M., X. X.X. Xxxxxx, X. Xxxxxxx, and X. XxxxxxX.X. Xxxx. 20031996. Effects of post-wildfire erosion on channel environments, Boise River, IdahoNiche separation by mink and river otters: coexistence in the marine environment. Forest Ecology and Management 178:105– 119Oikos 75: 41‐48. Xxxxxxx, X.X., S. St-HilaireX. Xxx, and X. Xxxxxxxxxx. 2004. Neighbor Trees: Shade, intercropping, and cacao in Ecuador. Human Ecology, Vol. 32, No. 2 (Apr., 2004), pp. 241‐270. Xxxxxxxx, X.X. and X.X. Xxxxx. 1997. Nitrogen limitation of phytoplankton in a shallow embayment in northern Puget Sound. Estuaries 20(4): 759‐769. Xxxxxxxx, X.X., X. Xxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxxxxx, and X.X. XxxxxxxxXxxxxx. 20112006. Toxicity Influence of land use on macrobenthic communities in nearshore estuarine habitats. Estuaries and Coasts 29(6B): 1185‐1195. Xxxxxx, G., X. Xxxxxxx, X. Xxxxx, and X. Xxx. 2001. Modeling the piscicide rotenone response of water quality in the Seine River Estuary to Columbia spotted frog human activity in its watershed over the last 50 Years. Estuaries 24(6B): 977‐993. Xxxxxx, X. and boreal toadX. Xxxxxxxxx. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 140:919–9272001. XxxxxxxWhite Paper: Ecological Issues in Floodplains and Riparian Corridors. Washington State Transportation Center, 152 pp. Xxxxx, X.X., X. Xxxxxxxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxxxx. 2006. Damages and Costs of Stormwater Runoff in the Puget Sound Region. Puget Sound Action Team, Washington. Xxxxxxxx, X. et al. 1994. A study of three cavity nesting birds: Pileated Woodpecker, Vaux’s Swift and Purple Xxxxxx on the fort Xxxxx Military Reservation. Resources NW Bellevue, WA. Bousfiled, E.L.1981. Systematics and distributional ecology of beach hoppers (Amphipoda: Talitridae.) of the Pacific coast of North America. Estuaries 4: 253. Xxxxx, S. St-HilaireX.X. 2000. Simulating catastrophic and individualistic large woody debris recruitment for a small riparian system. Ecology, X.X. XxxxVol. 81, X.X. No. 5 (May, 2000), pp. 1383‐1394 Xxxxxxx, X., G.C. Daily, T. Ka’xx Xxxxxx, and X.X. XxxxxxxxXxxxxx. 2012. Effects of rotenone on Columbia spotted frogs Rana luteiventris during field applications in lentic habitats of southwestern Montana. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 32:781–789. Xxxxxx, C.A. 19912007. The effects nature and value of pesticides on amphibians ecosystem services: An overview highlighting Hydrologic Services. Annual Review of Environment and the implications for determining causes of declines in amphibian populationsResources 32: 67‐98. Pages 67-70 In: Declines in Canadian amphibian populations: designing a national strategyXxxxxxx, C. A. Xxxxxx and X. X. XxxxxxS.D., eds., Occasional Paper No. 76, Canadian Wildlife Service. X.X. Xxxxxxxxx, A.R., X.X. Xxxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxxxxxxx, X.X. Xxx, X.X. Xxxxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx. 2005. Interspecific variation in susceptibility of frog tadpoles to the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Conservation Biology 19:1460–1468. Xxxxx, M.D., P.S. Corn, M.A. Xxxxxxxx, X.X. Little, and P.H. Xxxxxxxxxxxx. 2003. Physical stressors. Pages 129–151 in X.X. Xxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx (editors)X. Xxxxxxx. 2006. The carbon balance of North American wetlands. Wetlands 26: 889‐916. Xxxxxxx, Amphibian decline: an integrated analysis of multiple stressor effectsX. 1988. SETAC PressChannelized Rivers, Pensacola, FloridaPerspectives for Environmental Management. Xxxx Xxxxx & Sons. Chichester. Xxxxx, M.D.X. et al. 2001. United States Shorebird Conservation Plan. Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, X.X. XxxxxxxxxManomet, X.X. XxxxxxMA Xxxxxxxx, X. 2005. Priorities for Implementation of the North Pacific Coast Regional Shorebird Management Plan. Pp 112‐114. In: X. X. Xxxxx and T. Rich, Eds. Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference. March 2002, Asilomar, CA, Gen Tech Report PSW‐GTR 191 Albany, CA. PSW Res. Station, USFS, Department of Agriculture 651 pp. Burford, M.A., D.M. Alongi, A.D. McKinnon, and X.X. XxxxxL.A. Trott. 20072008. Multiple stressors Primary production and nutrients in amphibian communities: effects of chemical contaminationa tropical macrotidal estuary, bullfrogsDarwin Harbour, Australia. Estuarine, Coastal, and fish. Ecological Applications 17:291–301. XxxxxShelf Science: 1‐9 Burnett, X.X.R. D., X.X. Xxx, X. XxxxxxxT. Gardali, and X.X. Xxxx. 2012. Willow cover as a stream-recovery indicator under a conservation grazing plan. Ecological Indicators 18:512–519. Xxx, X.X., and X.X. Sites, Jr. 2001. Phylogeography and conservation genetics of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris; Amphibia, Ranidae). Molecular Ecology 10:1499–1513. Xxxxxxxx, X.X. 2005. Factors implicated in amphibian population declines in the United States. Pages 915–925 in X. Xxxxxx (editor), Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. Xxxxxxx, X.X., and X.X. XxxxxxxxxG. R. Geupel. 2005. XenobioticsUsing songbird monitoring to guide and evaluate riparian restoration in salmonid‐focused stream rehabilitation projects. Pages 89–92 Pp. 533‐536. In: C. J. Ralph and T. Rich, Eds. Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in X. Xxxxxx (editor)the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference. March 2002, Amphibian Declines: Asilomar, CA, Gen Tech Report PSW‐GTR 191 Albany, CA. PSW Research Station, USFS, Department of Agriculture 651 pp. Butler, R. W. 1995. The Conservation Status Patient Predator. Canadian Wildlife Service Monograph. Occasional Papers. Ottawa, Canada. Butler, R. W. and R. J. Canning. 1989. Distribution of United States SpeciesBirds in the Intertidal Portion of the Fraser River Delta, British Columbia. University of California PressTech Report Series No. 93. Pacific and Yukon Region, BerkeleyCanadian Wildlife Service. Canning, CaliforniaD.J. and H. Shipman. Xxxxxx, X.X., V.T. Xxxxxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxxx1995. 2005. Investigating the population level The cumulative effects of chytridiomycosis: an emerging infectious disease of amphibiansshoreline erosion control and associated land clearing practices, Puget Sound, Washington. Ecology 86:3149–3159Coastal Erosion Management Studies, Volume 10. BullShorelands and Water Resources Program, E.L. 2005. Ecology of the Columbia spotted frog in northeastern Oregon. General Technical Report PNW–GTR–640. Portland, Oregon: U.S. Washington Department of AgricultureEcology, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 46 pp. Bull, E.L. 2006. Monitoring populations and the presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) in northeastern Oregon. 2006 Annual Report. Pacific Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx. Xx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx. 10 pp. Bull, E.L. And X.X. Xxxxx. 2000. Livestock effects or reproduction of the Columbia spotted frog. Journal of Range Management, 53:291-294. Bull, E.L., and X.X. Xxxxx. 2001. Post-breeding season movements of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) in northeastern Oregon. Western North American Naturalist 61:119– 123. Bull, E.L., and X.X. Xxxxx. 2002. Overwintering of Columbia spotted frogs in northeastern Oregon. Northwest Science 76:141–147. Bull, E.L., and X.X. Xxxxxxxx. 2003. Water temperature at oviposition sites of Rana luteiventris in northeastern Oregon. Western North American Naturalist 63:108–113. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2011. Xxxxxx and Xxxxx Creek fish barriers. Environmental Assessment (DOI–BLM–NV–N020–2011–0035–EA), Elko District, Tuscarora Field Office, Elko, Nevada. 42 pp. Xxxxxxxx, X.X., X.X. Xxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxx, and S.R. Sheffield. 2003. Chemical stressors. Pages 111–128 in X.X. Xxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx (editors), Amphibian decline: an integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects. SETAC Press, Pensacola, Florida. Bury, R.B. 2004. Wildfire, fuel reduction, and herpetofaunas across diverse landscape mosaics in northwestern forests. Conservation Biology 18:968–975Olympia.

Xxxxxx and X. Xxxxxxx. 1999. Survey of livestock influences on stream and riparian ecosystems in the western United States. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 54:419–43154: 419‐431. XxxxxXxx‐Xxxxx, L.M., X. X.X. Xxxxxx, X. Xxxxxxx, and X. XxxxxxX.X. Xxxx. 20031996. Effects of post-wildfire erosion on channel environments, Boise River, IdahoNiche separation by mink and river otters: coexistence in the marine environment. Forest Ecology and Management 178:105– 119Oikos 75: 41‐48. Xxxxxxx, X.X., S. St-HilaireX. Xxx, and X. Xxxxxxxxxx. 2004. Neighbor Trees: Shade, intercropping, and cacao in Ecuador. Human Ecology, Vol. 32, No. 2 (Apr., 2004), pp. 241‐270. Xxxxxxxx, X.X. and X.X. Xxxxx. 1997. Nitrogen limitation of phytoplankton in a shallow embayment in northern Puget Sound. Estuaries 20(4): 759‐769. Xxxxxxxx, X.X., X. Xxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxxxxx, and X.X. XxxxxxxxXxxxxx. 20112006. Toxicity Influence of land use on macrobenthic communities in nearshore estuarine habitats. Estuaries and Coasts 29(6B): 1185‐1195. Xxxxxx, G., X. Xxxxxxx, X. Xxxxx, and X. Xxx. 2001. Modeling the piscicide rotenone response of water quality in the Seine River Estuary to Columbia spotted frog human activity in its watershed over the last 50 Years. Estuaries 24(6B): 977‐993. Xxxxxx, X. and boreal toadX. Xxxxxxxxx. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 140:919–9272001. XxxxxxxWhite Paper: Ecological Issues in Floodplains and Riparian Corridors. Washington State Transportation Center, 152 pp. Xxxxx, X.X., X. Xxxxxxxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxxxx. 2006. Damages and Costs of Stormwater Runoff in the Puget Sound Region. Puget Sound Action Team, Washington. Xxxxxxxx, X. et al. 1994. A study of three cavity nesting birds: Pileated Woodpecker, Vaux’s Swift and Purple Xxxxxx on the fort Xxxxx Military Reservation. Resources NW Bellevue, WA. Bousfiled, E.L.1981. Systematics and distributional ecology of beach hoppers (Amphipoda: Talitridae.) of the Pacific coast of North America. Estuaries 4: 253. Xxxxx, S. St-HilaireX.X. 2000. Simulating catastrophic and individualistic large woody debris recruitment for a small riparian system. Ecology, X.X. XxxxVol. 81, X.X. No. 5 (May, 2000), pp. 1383‐1394 Xxxxxxx, X., G.C. Daily, T. Ka’xx Xxxxxx, and X.X. XxxxxxxxXxxxxx. 2012. Effects of rotenone on Columbia spotted frogs Rana luteiventris during field applications in lentic habitats of southwestern Montana. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 32:781–789. Xxxxxx, C.A. 19912007. The effects nature and value of pesticides on amphibians ecosystem services: An overview highlighting Hydrologic Services. Annual Review of Environment and the implications for determining causes of declines in amphibian populationsResources 32: 67‐98. Pages 67-70 In: Declines in Canadian amphibian populations: designing a national strategyXxxxxxx, C. A. Xxxxxx and X. X. XxxxxxS.D., eds., Occasional Paper No. 76, Canadian Wildlife Service. X.X. Xxxxxxxxx, A.R., X.X. Xxxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxxxxxxx, X.X. Xxx, X.X. Xxxxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx. 2005. Interspecific variation in susceptibility of frog tadpoles to the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Conservation Biology 19:1460–1468. Xxxxx, M.D., P.S. Corn, M.A. Xxxxxxxx, X.X. Little, and P.H. Xxxxxxxxxxxx. 2003. Physical stressors. Pages 129–151 in X.X. Xxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx (editors)X. Xxxxxxx. 2006. The carbon balance of North American wetlands. Wetlands 26: 889‐916. Xxxxxxx, Amphibian decline: an integrated analysis of multiple stressor effectsX. 1988. SETAC PressChannelized Rivers, Pensacola, FloridaPerspectives for Environmental Management. Xxxx Xxxxx & Sons. Chichester. Xxxxx, M.D.X. et al. 2001. United States Shorebird Conservation Plan. Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, X.X. XxxxxxxxxManomet, X.X. XxxxxxMA Xxxxxxxx, X. 2005. Priorities for Implementation of the North Pacific Coast Regional Shorebird Management Plan. Pp 112‐114. In: X. X. Xxxxx and X. Xxxx, Eds. Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference. March 2002, Asilomar, CA, Gen Tech Report PSW‐GTR 191 Albany, CA. PSW Res. Station, USFS, Department of Agriculture 651 pp. Burford, M.A., D.M. Alongi, A.D. McKinnon, and X.X. XxxxxL.A. Trott. 20072008. Multiple stressors Primary production and nutrients in amphibian communities: effects of chemical contaminationa tropical macrotidal estuary, bullfrogsDarwin Harbour, Australia. Estuarine, Coastal, and fish. Ecological Applications 17:291–301. XxxxxShelf Science: 1‐9 Burnett, X.X.R. D., X.X. Xxx, X. XxxxxxxT. Gardali, and X.X. Xxxx. 2012. Willow cover as a stream-recovery indicator under a conservation grazing plan. Ecological Indicators 18:512–519. Xxx, X.X., and X.X. Sites, Jr. 2001. Phylogeography and conservation genetics of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris; Amphibia, Ranidae). Molecular Ecology 10:1499–1513. Xxxxxxxx, X.X. 2005. Factors implicated in amphibian population declines in the United States. Pages 915–925 in X. Xxxxxx (editor), Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. Xxxxxxx, X.X., and X.X. XxxxxxxxxG. R. Geupel. 2005. XenobioticsUsing songbird monitoring to guide and evaluate riparian restoration in salmonid‐focused stream rehabilitation projects. Pages 89–92 Pp. 533‐536. In: C. J. Ralph and T. Rich, Eds. Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in X. Xxxxxx (editor)the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference. March 2002, Amphibian Declines: Asilomar, CA, Gen Tech Report PSW‐GTR 191 Albany, CA. PSW Research Station, USFS, Department of Agriculture 651 pp. Butler, R. W. 1995. The Conservation Status Patient Predator. Canadian Wildlife Service Monograph. Occasional Papers. Ottawa, Canada. Butler, R. W. and R. J. Canning. 1989. Distribution of United States SpeciesBirds in the Intertidal Portion of the Fraser River Delta, British Columbia. University of California PressTech Report Series No. 93. Pacific and Yukon Region, BerkeleyCanadian Wildlife Service. Canning, CaliforniaD.J. and H. Shipman. Xxxxxx, X.X., V.T. Xxxxxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxxx1995. 2005. Investigating the population level The cumulative effects of chytridiomycosis: an emerging infectious disease of amphibiansshoreline erosion control and associated land clearing practices, Puget Sound, Washington. Ecology 86:3149–3159Coastal Erosion Management Studies, Volume 10. BullShorelands and Water Resources Program, E.L. 2005. Ecology of the Columbia spotted frog in northeastern Oregon. General Technical Report PNW–GTR–640. Portland, Oregon: U.S. Washington Department of AgricultureEcology, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 46 pp. Bull, E.L. 2006. Monitoring populations and the presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) in northeastern Oregon. 2006 Annual Report. Pacific Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx. Xx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx. 10 pp. Bull, E.L. And X.X. Xxxxx. 2000. Livestock effects or reproduction of the Columbia spotted frog. Journal of Range Management, 53:291-294. Bull, E.L., and X.X. Xxxxx. 2001. Post-breeding season movements of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) in northeastern Oregon. Western North American Naturalist 61:119– 123. Bull, E.L., and X.X. Xxxxx. 2002. Overwintering of Columbia spotted frogs in northeastern Oregon. Northwest Science 76:141–147. Bull, E.L., and X.X. Xxxxxxxx. 2003. Water temperature at oviposition sites of Rana luteiventris in northeastern Oregon. Western North American Naturalist 63:108–113. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2011. Xxxxxx and Xxxxx Creek fish barriers. Environmental Assessment (DOI–BLM–NV–N020–2011–0035–EA), Elko District, Tuscarora Field Office, Elko, Nevada. 42 pp. Xxxxxxxx, X.X., X.X. Xxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxx, and S.R. Sheffield. 2003. Chemical stressors. Pages 111–128 in X.X. Xxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx (editors), Amphibian decline: an integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects. SETAC Press, Pensacola, Florida. Bury, R.B. 2004. Wildfire, fuel reduction, and herpetofaunas across diverse landscape mosaics in northwestern forests. Conservation Biology 18:968–975Olympia.

Xxxxxx and X. Xxxxxxx. 1999. Survey of livestock influences on stream and riparian ecosystems in the western United States. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 54:419–431. Xxxxx, L.X., X. Xxxxxx, X. Xxxxxxx, and X. Xxxxxx. 2003. Effects of post-wildfire erosion on channel environments, Boise River, Idaho. Forest Ecology and Management 178:105– 119. Xxxxxxx, X.X., S. StX. Xx-HilaireXxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxx, X.X. Xxxxxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx. 2011. Toxicity of the piscicide rotenone to Columbia spotted frog and boreal toad. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 140:919–927. Xxxxxxx, X.X., X.X. Xxxxx, S. StX. Xx-HilaireXxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxx, X.X. Xxxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx. 2012. Effects of rotenone on Columbia spotted frogs Rana luteiventris during field applications in lentic habitats of southwestern Montana. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 32:781–789. Xxxxxx, C.A. 1991. The effects of pesticides on amphibians and the implications for determining causes of declines in amphibian populations. Pages 67-70 In: Declines in Canadian amphibian populations: designing a national strategy, C. A. Xxxxxx and X. X. Xxxxxx, eds., Occasional Paper No. 76, Canadian Wildlife Service. Xxxxxxxxx, A.R., X.X. Xxxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxxxxxxx, X.X. Xxx, X.X. Xxxxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx. 2005. Interspecific variation in susceptibility of frog tadpoles to the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Conservation Biology 19:1460–1468. Xxxxx, M.D., P.S. CornXxxx, M.A. X.X. Xxxxxxxx, X.X. LittleXxxxxx, and P.H. Xxxxxxxxxxxx. 2003. Physical stressors. Pages 129–151 in X.X. Xxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx (editors), Amphibian decline: an integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects. SETAC Press, Pensacola, Florida. Xxxxx, M.D., X.X. Xxxxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxx. 2007. Multiple stressors in amphibian communities: effects of chemical contamination, bullfrogs, and fish. Ecological Applications 17:291–301. Xxxxx, X.X., X.X. Xxx, X. Xxxxxxx, and X.X. Xxxx. 2012. Willow cover as a stream-recovery indicator under a conservation grazing plan. Ecological Indicators 18:512–519. Xxx, X.X., and X.X. SitesXxxxx, Jr. Xx. 2001. Phylogeography and conservation genetics of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris; Amphibia, Ranidae). Molecular Ecology 10:1499–1513. Xxxxxxxx, X.X. 2005. Factors implicated in amphibian population declines in the United States. Pages 915–925 in X. Xxxxxx (editor), Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. Xxxxxxx, X.X., and X.X. Xxxxxxxxx. 2005. Xenobiotics. Pages 89–92 in X. Xxxxxx (editor), Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. Xxxxxx, X.X., V.T. Xxxxxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxxx. 2005. Investigating the population level effects of chytridiomycosis: an emerging infectious disease of amphibians. Ecology 86:3149–3159. Bull, E.L. 2005. Ecology of the Columbia spotted frog in northeastern Oregon. General Technical Report PNW–GTR–640. Portland, Oregon: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 46 pp. BullXxxx, E.L. 2006. Monitoring populations and the presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) in northeastern Oregon. 2006 Annual Report. Pacific Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx. Xx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx. 10 pp. Bull, E.L. And X.X. Xxxxx. 2000. Livestock effects or reproduction of the Columbia spotted frog. Journal of Range Management, 53:291-294. BullXxxx, E.L., and X.X. Xxxxx. 2001. Post-breeding season movements of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) in northeastern Oregon. Western North American Naturalist 61:119– 123. BullXxxx, E.L., and X.X. Xxxxx. 2002. Overwintering of Columbia spotted frogs in northeastern Oregon. Northwest Science 76:141–147. BullXxxx, E.L., and X.X. Xxxxxxxx. 2003. Water temperature at oviposition sites of Rana luteiventris in northeastern Oregon. Western North American Naturalist 63:108–113. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2011. Xxxxxx and Xxxxx Creek fish barriers. Environmental Assessment (DOI–BLM–NV–N020–2011–0035–EA), Elko District, Tuscarora Field Office, Elko, Nevada. 42 pp. Xxxxxxxx, X.X., X.X. Xxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxx, and S.R. Sheffield. 2003. Chemical stressors. Pages 111–128 in X.X. Xxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxx, and X.X. Xxxxxxxx (editors), Amphibian decline: an integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects. SETAC Press, Pensacola, Florida. BuryXxxx, R.B. X.X. 2004. Wildfire, fuel reduction, and herpetofaunas across diverse landscape mosaics in northwestern forests. Conservation Biology 18:968–975.