Common use of Usefulness Clause in Contracts

Usefulness. of multimodality imaging for detecting differences in temporal occurrence of left ventricular systolic mechanical events in healthy young adults N Ajmone ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇ ▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇ ▇ ▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, V ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇ ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇ ▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇ ▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, and ▇ ▇ ▇▇▇ ABSTRACT Objectives: Detailed information about the absolute temporal occurrence of myocardial motion and deformation events during the cardiac cycle is still lacking. However, the normal time-range of these parameters may be of great importance as a reference for detecting and interpreting mechanical dyssynchrony and for iden- tifying a delayed contraction in case of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine in young healthy subjects and for different LV segments the value of: 1) time to peak systolic longitudinal velocity, displacement, strain rate and strain, using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI); 2) time to minimum systolic volume, using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) and 3) time to maxi- mum thickness, using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: A total of 20 young healthy volunteers (13 men, mean age 32±4 years) underwent both cardiac MRI and echocardiografic examination, including TDI and RT3DE. To define LV ejection time and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), aortic valve closure and opening and mitral valve opening were identified. Results: For all LV segments, longitudinal peak systolic velocity and strain rate were early-systolic events. Peak systolic longitudinal displacement and strain, in turn, occurred in the late systole or, in 20-30% of LV segments, during IVRT, similarly to minimum systolic volume and maximum myocardial thickness.

Usefulness. of multimodality imaging for detecting differences in temporal occurrence of left ventricular systolic mechanical events in healthy young adults N Ajmone n ajmone ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇ ▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇ ▇ ▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, V ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇ ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇ ▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, ▇ ▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, and ▇ ▇ ▇▇▇ ABSTRACT Objectivesabstract objectives: Detailed information about the absolute temporal occurrence of myocardial motion and deformation events during the cardiac cycle is still lacking. However, the normal time-range of these parameters may be of great importance as a reference for detecting and interpreting mechanical dyssynchrony and for iden- tifying a delayed contraction in case of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine in young healthy subjects and for different LV segments the value of: 1) time to peak systolic longitudinal velocity, displacement, strain rate and strain, using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI); 2) time to minimum systolic volume, using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) and 3) time to maxi- mum thickness, using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methodsmethods: A total of 20 young healthy volunteers (13 men, mean age 32±4 years) underwent both cardiac MRI and echocardiografic examination, including TDI and RT3DE. To define LV ejection time and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), aortic valve closure and opening and mitral valve opening were identified. Resultsresults: For all LV segments, longitudinal peak systolic velocity and strain rate were early-systolic events. Peak systolic longitudinal displacement and strain, in turn, occurred in the late systole or, in 20-30% of LV segments, during IVRT, similarly to minimum systolic volume and maximum myocardial thickness.