Step Properties Clause Samples
Step Properties. Besides observing the quality of the outcome, the trajectory of bids offered by each of the negotiators is of interest. Each trajectory is composed of the steps made by the negotiator. Every step satisfies exactly one of the following properties that are inspired by [3]: • Fortunate steps: the next bid is better for yourself and better for the other agent • Concession steps: the next bid is worse for yourself and better for the other agent • Selfish steps: the next bid is better for yourself and worse for the other agent • Unfortunate steps: the next bid is worse for yourself and worse for the other agent As argued in [6], agreement in multi-issue negotiation can often be reached quicker if both parties make concessions. In the experiments described in the next section, it will be investigated to what extent the different types of steps are used, both by human and computer negotiators.
Step Properties. The results with respect to the step properties in Experiment 2 are shown in Table 4. This table shows the same trends as Table 2. Again, both the human and computer negotiators primarily made concession steps. Besides that, the computers made some fortunate and some unfortunate steps, and no selfish steps. The humans, on the other hand, were more diverse in their behaviour. They made significantly more steps in the non- concession categories than the computer.
Step Properties. The results with respect to the step properties in Experiment 1 are shown in Table 2. The numbers between brackets are the percentages with respect to the total amounts of steps. The first row shows the steps made by the (human) buyers in the HH traces. The second row shows the steps made by the (human) sellers in the HH traces. Similarly, the third and fourth row show the steps made by the computer buyers, respectively sellers in the CC traces. For example, the first cell indicates that in the HH traces, all (human) buyers together made 3 fortunate steps, which is 6.52% of the total amount of steps they made.