Common use of Semantic Interoperability Clause in Contracts

Semantic Interoperability. The goal of data or information interoperability is to provide a way to access to data or information in multiple or heterogenous sources. Many researchers and prototypes have been done in the eld of information interoperability. Traditional approach was contributed by researchers from database area, and include ANSI/SPARC architecture, Federated Architecture and Dataware- house architecture. However, it based on point to point translation/convertion or developing global as view (GAV). This approach has problems in hetero- geneity of sources, dynamic of environment, and huge number of sources. Integration and interoperability is the important keys for the modern in- formation systems. However, the information sources are more heterogeneity (syntactic, structure, ad semantic), large number, dynamic of content and lo- cation, autonomy and open. Therefore, information interoperability requires di erence in modeling, representation, and accessing of sources. Researchers and practitioners in the elds of database and information integration have produced a large e ort to facilitate interoperability [96]. The sub-chapter on semantic interoperability consist of three sections. First, we introduce the main problems in information integration or inter- operability, including approach in schema and ontology mapping. Next, we present a classi cation of the approaches in semantic integration or interop- erability. Generic solution of semantic integration and interoperability can be categorized in two models: tightly coupled solution and loosely coupled solution. Main part of sub-chapter is review of implementation semantic web for integration or interoperability of heterogeneous information sources. Se- mantic integration or interoperability is an active area of research in several disciplines. Results of state of the art are comparison of related approaches and as a research foundation.