Population Needs Clause Samples

Population Needs. 1.1 National/local context and evidence base Evidence Evidence Base

Population Needs. Background 2.1. The neonatal hepatitis B vaccine is routinely used to protect newborns who have been exposed to hepatitis B infection from their mother at the time of birth. These babies are at extremely high risk from developing chronic hepatitis B infection and therefore going on to develop liver disease and liver cancer.

Population Needs. National/local context and Evidence Base Hypertension is persistently raised arterial blood pressure (BP). It is one of several risk factors for diseases such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. Hypertension should be suspected if clinic systolic BP is sustained above or equal to 140 mmHg, or diastolic BP is sustained above or equal to 90 mmHg, or both. (NICE 2018) High blood pressure affects more than one in four adults in England, and is the second biggest risk factor for premature death and disability. Improvements in tackling blood pressure in the last decade have prevented or postponed many thousands of deaths, but at present only four in ten of all adults with high blood pressure are both aware of their condition and managing it to the levels recommended. People from the most deprived areas are 30% more likely than the least-deprived to have high blood pressure and the condition disproportionately affects some ethnic groups including black African and Caribbean. Therefore a focus on blood pressure has potential to address health inequalities and variation in outcomes (PHE 2014). Public Health England (PHE) published Tackling high blood pressure: from evidence into action (PHE 2014). This document provides evidence-based advice on how local government, the health system and others can effectively identify, treat and prevent high blood pressure. Actions identified included:  Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) should consider the case for local investment in Enhanced community pharmacy services to provide better information and support about blood pressure management; to introduce opportunistic screening in some areas; and to use the Medicines Use Review (MUR) service to review the blood pressure of those on anti- antihypertensive medication and others at high risk of developing high blood pressure  Healthcare professionals, including pharmacists and their teams, should take the opportunity of client engagement to test the blood pressure of all adults regularly and carry out pulse checks as part of blood pressure measurement The General Practice Forward View acknowledges that ‘Pharmacists remain one of the most underutilised professional resources in the system and we must bring their considerable skills in to play more fully’ (NHSE 2016, p7). This sentiment is shared in the Community Pharmacy Forward View. (PSNC 2016). General Practice registered population for Hull and East Riding CCGs for January 2018 was ...

Population Needs. 1.1. The purpose of this Service Specification is to describe the Provider’s responsibilities for the delivery of the NHS Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme (NAAASP) (the Services). This Service Specification provides a consistent and equitable approach across England and this common national service specification must be used to govern the provision and monitoring of abdominal aortic aneurysm screening services. 1.2. The Provider shall at all times ensure the Services are provided in accordance with the requirements set out in this Contract, which, inter alia, includes the requirements of Guidance. Without limitation, some of the documents and information sources listed below, in Table 1, are agreed to be captured within the definition of Guidance. 1.3. NAAASP aims to reduce deaths from abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) through early detection, appropriate monitoring and treatment. Research has demonstrated that offering men ultrasound screening in their 65th year should reduce the rate of premature death from ruptured AAA by up to 50 per cent. 1.4. Ruptured AAA deaths account for around 2.1% of all deaths in men aged 65 and over. This compares with 0.8% in women of the same age group. The mortality from rupture is high, with nearly a third dying in the community before reaching hospital. Of those who undergo AAA emergency surgery, the post-operative mortality rate is around 50%, making the case fatality after rupture around 80%. This compares with a post-operative mortality rate in high quality vascular services of around 2% following planned surgery. 1.5. The target population to be screened is all men eligible for NHS care registered with a general practitioner within the commissioned screening programme boundaries. Selection will be based on year of birth. Men should be offered screening during the year – 1st April to 31st March – in which they turn 65 years. Men over the age of 65 can self-refer to the screening programme and have their information added manually to the screening management system. 1.6. Further detail about the population to be screened is within section 3.3 of this service specification. 1.7. Based on research data, for each 1,000 men screened: • 985 can expect to have a normal aorta • 14 can expect to have a small to medium aneurysm • 1 can expect to have a large aneurysm.

Population Needs. National/local context and evidence base

Population Needs. 1.1 National/local context and evidence base Local context Evidence base Department of Health

Population Needs. Assessment (PNA) Contractor shall conduct a PNA, as specified below, to identify the health education and cultural and linguistic needs of its’ Members; and utilize the findings for continuous development and improvement of contractually required health education and cultural linguistic programs and services. Contractor must use multiple reliable data sources, methodologies, techniques, and tools to conduct the PNA. 1) Contractor shall submit an initial Population Health Management Strategy, informed by a PNA within 12 months from the commencement of operations within a Service Area and at least annually thereafter. For Contracts existing at the time this provision becomes effective, the next PNA will be required at a time within five (5) years from the effective date of this provision, to be determined by DHCS. 2) Contractor shall submit a PNA report to the DHCS every three years beginning in 2025 that must include: a) The objectives; methodology; data sources; survey instruments; findings and conclusions; program and policy implications; and references contained in the PNA. b) The findings and conclusions must include the following information for Medi-Cal plan Members: 1) demographic profile; 2) related health risks, problems and conditions; 3) related knowledge, attitudes and practices including cultural beliefs and practices; 4) perceived health education needs including learning needs, preferred methods of learning and literacy level; and 5) culturally competent community resources. 3) Contractor shall demonstrate that PNA report findings and conclusions in item 2) b) above are utilized for continuous development of its health education and cultural and linguistic services program. Contractor must maintain documentation of program priorities, target populations, and program goals/objectives as they are revised to meet the identified and changing needs of the Member population.

Population Needs. Background 2.1. The Hib/MenC booster is offered routinely at 12 months of age as part of the UK childhood immunisation schedule and it provides protection against infections caused by the following bacteria:  Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib)  Meningococcal group C (MenC) 2.2. The vaccine boosts the protection a child gets from the first course of Hib vaccine at two, three and four months of age, and the MenC vaccine at three months. The booster is designed to extend the protection offered in infancy during the period of highest risk of these infections (up to five years of age). The Hib/MenC booster in the second year of life was introduced into the routine childhood immunisation programme in 2006, because studies had shown that protection after the infant course declined rapidly. The vaccine has a strong evidence base and is highly effective in protecting against these serious diseases, which still occur within the UK and beyond. 2.3. Hib can cause invasive infections, such as meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain), septicaemia (blood poisoning), epiglottitis and pneumonia, which can be fatal and leave survivors with serious long-term complications. Individuals can carry Hib bacteria in their nose and throat without showing signs of the disease. Hib is spread through coughing, sneezing or close contact with a carrier. Since the introduction of Hib immunisation in the UK, disease incidence has fallen. In 2010 there were only 30 reported cases of confirmed invasive Hib infection in the England and Wales compared to more than 1,000 in the early 1990s. Meningococcal C (MenC) 2.4. Meningococcal disease results from infection by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. The route of transmission is through droplets or respiratory secretions (e.g. coughing and sneezing). There is a marked seasonal variation in meningococcal disease rates, with peak levels in the winter months, usually declining to low levels by late summer. There are at least 12 known serogroups of meningococcal bacteria. Of these, prior to the introduction of the MenC vaccine, only two serogroups B and C – were of major public health importance to the UK. 2.5. Like, Hib, meningococcal infections can lead to meningitis, septicaemia or both. Meningococcal infections, like most infectious diseases, follow secular trends, with periods of high and low disease activity. Over the past two decades, the number of cases of menigococcal cases has ranged from more than 2, 500 case...

Population Needs. 1.1 National/local context and evidence base National context: 1. Chronic community-acquired, post-trauma, or healthcare-associated ‘native’ joint or bone infections (with no orthopaedic metalware present): • Osteomyelitis (bone infection) involving long bones • Septic arthritis (joint infection) with joint destruction • Complex pelvic osteomyelitis often secondary to pressure sores 2. Chronic post-operative orthopaedic device related infections (with orthopaedic metalware present): • Artificial joint and bone infections of joint replacements (performed for arthritis or bone/soft tissue tumours) • Infected un-united fractures • Infected implants with healed fractures These cases have historically been managed in local or regional centres. Non- specialist treatment at times leads to multiple, often unsuccessful, procedures and