Permissioned Blockchains Clause Samples

Permissioned Blockchains. Permissioned blockchains block production rate varies according to the transaction load [34], therefore it is impossible to correlate a number of blocks produced with time. There are no standards of how the notion of time is defined in permissioned blockchains: Tendermint: In Tendermint [10], applications can define a “locktime” which is the number of blocks passed after contract creation. However this compromises the safety in the event of an system outage in which no blocks are being created. Hyperledger Fabric: Blocks do not carry timestamps [12]. ▇▇▇▇▇ et al. [34] proposed a mechanism to assign timestamps to the blocks by modifications to post consensus validation. Sawtooth: In Hyperledger Sawtooth [8], there is no block timestamp by default, but the nodes can be configured to artificially inject a “Blockchain Info” transaction that contains a timestamp, at the beginning at every block (see [9]).