Microalgae vegetation Clause Samples

Microalgae vegetation. Microphytic algae, predominantly diatoms (Bacillariophyta), are known to produce a fouling film over the skin of captive bottlenose dolphins maintaining in Russian and Ukrainian dolphinaria. The pathogenic significance of this cosmetic defect continues to be a point of discussion (▇▇▇▇▇▇ and ▇▇▇▇▇▇, 1997; ▇▇▇▇▇▇ and ▇▇▇▇▇▇, 1999). Meantime, pronounced microalgal vegetation on skin surface is a reliable indicator of feeble health in captive cetaceans and/or unfavourable zootechnic and veterinary conditions (e.g. limited room hindering animals mobility, stagnant and polluted water, etc.) in the places of their captivity. Visible algal film has never been recorded in wild Black Sea cetaceans, but sparse cells of the diatoms (Licmophora sp. and Nitzschia hybrida f. hyalina ) were detected in skin scrapes collected from few newly captured bottlenose dolphins (▇▇▇▇▇▇, 1996, 1997). Numerous cells of non-parasitic dinoflagellates (Dinophyta) and unidentified unicellular seaweeds were found in blowhole swabs of bottlenose dolphins and belukhas (D. leucas) kept together in the open-air sea pen in Laspi Bay, south Crimea (Krivokhizhin and Birkun, unpubl. data). Unfortunately, no data are available on cetaceans- applied effects of Black Sea dinoflagellates and their toxins, although “red tides” caused by blooms of these microalgae became common in the subregion since the 1970s (see 7.2.1.1).