Last Resort. Movement of φ to SpecX is contingent on feature checking between φ and X. Vehicle requirement on Merge Example: subject raising: In English, T bears not only [uv] (or [uvmod ], or [uvperf ], etc.), but also a [uN]-feature, which triggers Merge of an NP to SpecT. If no NP is taken from the lexicon (such as the expletive there (10-b)), then some NP from within the tree must undergo movement to satisfy this c-selection requirement (9)/(10-a).
Last Resort. “ ... any party having invoked the dispute settlement procedures may request authorization from the DSB to suspend the application to the Member concerned of concessions or other obligations under the covered agreements”. “The level of the suspension ... shall be equivalent to the level of nullification or impairment”. (Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes, Article 22) GATS: HALLMARKS • Development dimension • Flexibility • Right to Regulate • Smooth operation GATS & Development: “The fact that commitments on market access and national treatment are subjects of concessions, provided under a positive list, is of great importance to developing countries as it allows members to determine, in terms of their own national development strategy and policy, the individual service sector or transaction that they are willing to open up at a given time, under specific conditions and limitations.” Mauritius on behalf of the African Group (WTO document S/CSS/W/7, Oct. 2000)7 GATS: Relevance for individual sectors Three possible Scenarios ...
Last Resort. An operation OP involving α may apply only if some property of α is satisfied.
Last Resort. Movement of φ to Specψ is contingent on feature checking between φ and ψ. eat+v VP Spec-head agreement Aside: It is then not entirely correct to think of feature checking as being the “trigger” for movement. If this were the case, we would end up in an infinite loop: movement must be triggered by feature checking, and feature checking can only apply a er movement (in spec-head configuration). Rather, one has to think about Last Resort as a condition that is checked a er movement has applied. If the movement is followed by feature checking, the condition is fulfilled, otherwise not. Spec-head agreement Further motivation (Kayne 1989): In French, past-participle agreement with the object does not arise if the object remains in the position where it is merged (12-a). Only if the object moves (e.g., because it is a clitic) does past-participle agreement becomes possible (12-b). On the way to its final position, the clitic makes an “intermediate stop” in the specifier of the projection responsible for participle agreement (let’s say an outer Specv), thereby inducing the specifier-head configuration necessary for agreement (13).
