Common use of Genders Clause in Contracts

Genders. A gender is a pair of noun classes in which a noun stem occurs; a gender is also a single noun class in which a noun stem exclusively occurs. A two-class gender is a pairing of singular/plural forms. The major pairs of noun classes are: class 1/2 nnúúme/valúúme man class 3/4 nnáandi/miláandi tree class 5/6 liváála/maváála shoulder class 7/8 chipúúla/vipúúla knife class 9/10 ing’oómbe/ding’oómbe cow class 11/10 lutáávi/dináávi branch class 12/13 katáávi/tutáávi little branch The gender of class 1/2 almost exlusively contains nouns indicating human beings; one noun is found in this gender indicating ‘animal’: nkóoko/vakóóko, another one, indicating ‘rat’ probably belongs to class 1: nkúule. For other two-class genders, the semantic notions are less clear-cut, except for class 12/13 which are diminutives. Augmentatives are derived by making use of class 5/6 (for examples of diminutives and augmentatives, see 4.1 and 4.5.1). A frequent subgroup is gender 1A/2A which contains the individualized variants of the species oriented forms of animals occurring in gender 9/10. uhóomba/ahóomba 1A/2A ihóomba/dihóomba 9/10 fish uhíimba/ahíimba 1A/2A ihíimba/dihíimba 9/10 lion Small subgroups are 5/6+, 14/6+ and 11/10+ which contain nouns that are considered as complex stems with the corresponding plural forms. liídi/maliídi 5/6+ voice wéélu/mawéélu 14/6+ field luúma/dinduúma 11/10+ crack Other small subgroups are 1a/2A and 1a/2A+ which contain nouns with the word formation element na-. náháaku/anámáháaku 1a/2A girl (before initiation) nachihuúngo/achánávihuúngo 1a/2A+ snake sp. Very small subgroups are 1b/2b and 9b/10b which contain prefix-less nouns that have one form for both the singular and the plural. soómo/= 1b/2b friend twiíga/= 9b/10b giraffe Another subgroup is 9c/10c which contains nouns with a reduced NPx of class 9/10. (i)kaanya/dikaanya 9c/10c mouth bakóola/dibakóola 9c/10c stick The final small subgroup is 1d/2d and 7d/8d which contains nominalized connexives which start with a PPx. ▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇/vá-vaana 1d/2d child chá-kuulya/vyá-kuulya 7d/8d food Other pairs of noun classes occur as well. The complete list: class 1/6 njúumbe/majúumbe headman nkúule/makúule rat class 3/6 nkóóno/makóóno arm ntáváala/matáváala ▇▇▇▇▇ mongoose ntandaasa/matandaasa cassava porridge class 11/6 ludóódo/madóódo foot class 11/6+ luwáali/maluwáali traditional judges class 14/6 upíínde/mapíínde bow uloómbi/maloómbi marriage úlyaámba/mályaámba morning ulwééle/malwééle sickness class 14/4 ukoóti/mikoóti neck uúsi/miuúsi spider web The major one class genders are: class 14 ulíindo hair (of head) class 15 kung’áána to play class 16 pahááli place class 17 kukaáti room class 18 muuyo front Class 15 exclusively contains verbal nouns. Class 16-18 are the locative classes. Subgroups are class 3a/- and 9a/- which contain nouns with the word formation element na-. nahúúhwe 3a/- weed sp. nachííhe 9a/- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Small subgroups are 5b/- and 9b/- which contain prefix-less nouns which do not have a corresponding plural form. tumbáaku 5b/- tobacco bakúuli 9b/- type of dance Unpaired nouns also occur in other classes. A selected list: múúhi 3/- daytime muunyu 3/- salt mpúúta 3/- traditional game myáádi -/4 blood liíwu 5/- ashes liime 5/- dew lyóóhi 5/- smoke lipuúngo 5/- wind litutuúnga 5/- dust maáta -/6 saliva mavííla -/6 twins makwéedo -/6 urine mahúúta -/6 oil méédi -/6 water chitéete 7/- trembling from anxiety chídíidi 7/- pity viílyo -/8 food indaála 9/- hunger inyóóta 9/- thirst dimoóngo -/10 force, strenght, power dihóóni -/10 shame dihwííyo -/10 kidney luupi 11/- darkness luwoóno 11/- sleep kuméého 17/- face