DISPERSION Sample Clauses

DISPERSION. 1 Dispersion can, under favourable conditions, reduce both the threat of an oil slick to surface organisms and the amount of oil which will come ashore. However, it increases the threat of subsurface organisms by temporarily enhancing the concentrations of toxic oil fractions entering the water column. In some circumstances it is possible to disperse a slick using a ship's propellers or by other mechanical means, and as suitable vessels will often be at the scene of a spillage for other reasons this can be a convenient and low cost option. More often, though, chemicals will have to be added to achieve a satisfactory rate of dispersion. The use of chemical dispersants is described in detail in a position paper on dispersants in Chapter 23 of this manual.

DISPERSION. Environmental Parameters 2.2.1 *** 2.2.2 *** 2.2.3 Temperature-Humidity Cycling 2.2.4 *** 2.2.5 *** 2.2.6 Material Compatibility *** Page 2 of 18 22 * CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT GRANTED -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TITLE: Purchase Specification for SpecTran Incorporated *** Multimode Optical Fiber Supplied to Corning Incorporated --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DISPERSION a. Zero Dispersion Wavelength: 1301.5 nm to 1321.5 nm b. Zero Dispersion Slope: < 0.092 ps/(nm2 km)

DISPERSION. This figure shows the change in the distribution of reservation prices for two groups of investors that hold a particular asset when the within group dispersion (standard deviation) remains constant but the difference between the mean reservation prices for the two groups decreases. Figure 4: An Increase in Across Group Reservation Price (Belief) Dispersion This figure shows the change in the distribution of reservation prices for two groups of investors that hold a particular asset when the within group dispersion (standard deviation) remains constant but the difference between the mean reservation prices for the two groups increases.

DISPERSION. The state of dispersion is one of the most important characteristics of a nanoparticle system, yet it is one of the most difficult to quantify [3]. The aggregation of MNMs has been shown to depend on particle properties (e.g., size, shape, surface roughness, surface charge, and concentration) and on the physicochemical properties of the media (e.g., pH, ionic strength and presence of organic macromolecules) [4]. In the absence of surface coating (engineered or incidental), aggregation/disaggregation is mainly governed by particle intrinsic properties such as size, ξ potential, and solution ionic strength as described by DLVO theory proposed by ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ (1941) and ▇▇▇▇▇▇ and ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ (1948). In a number of works, the effect of the dispersion media has been evaluated since it is known that nanoparticles agglomerate immediately in cell culture media. Proteins, serum, and chemical surfactants are often used to enhance nanoparticle dispersion and stabilization. For example, the dispersion of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in six different cell culture media including Bronchial Epithelial Growth Medium (BEGM), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), ▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Broth (LB), Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), Synthetic Defined medium (SD), and Yeast Extract Peptone Dextrose medium (YPD) was investigated [5]. All six culture media had high ionic strength (50-270 mM) and conductivity (3-17 ms cm-1). Under the optimum sonication conditions, the particle size in water was ∼200 nm which was much larger than the hydrodynamic diameter of the primary particle size suggesting that the TiO2 (P25) sample consists of some hard aggregates that are not easily broken up by ultra-sonication. When suspended in cell culture media without any dispersing agents, TiO2 nanoparticles showed much poorer dispersion and the agglomerate size varied from 770 to 1052 nm depending on the type of medium. Consistent with the dramatic size increase, the zeta potentials of all suspensions also dropped to ∼ -10 mV. The pHs remained similar to those of the nanoparticle-free media. Unlike in water, where particle size remained similar in a wide range of nanoparticle concentrations (2-100 μg mL-1), the TiO2 agglomerate size increased with increasing nanoparticle concentration in all cell culture media. To improve the TiO2 nanoparticle dispersion, BSA as a model protein and FBS as a protein rich serum were selected. The concentration of each dispersing agent was adjusted to achieve the best Ti...

DISPERSION. Page 9 of 18 * CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT GRANTED ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TITLE: Purchase Specification for SpecTran Incorporated *** Multimode Optical Fiber Supplied to Corning Incorporated ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test Procedure -------------- Dispersion shall be measured in accordance with ***

DISPERSION. Finally, we have investigated whether within BGs, i.e. for a given level of industry con- centration, subsidiaries tend to diversify their activities in line with their position in the hierarchy. Speci cally, we investigate whether subsidiaries placed at di erent levels of the hierarchy tend to cover a sector systematically di erent from the one of the parent company, for a given level of industry concentration of the group (we use parent xed e ect). We thus create an index of dispersion as the fraction of subsidiaries in each layer covering a di erent sector from the one of their parent. We follow the same speci cation used for the stylized fact on routinizability, but with the index of dispersion as depen- dent variable. Table 8 reports the regression of the index of dispersion of industries on the hierarchical level, with parent xed e ects and robust standard errors in parentheses. The regression ▇▇▇ cients are reported in Figure 7, together with their 95% con dence intervals and unifying all levels bigger than 7 under the same category, labeled level 8. Results show that, within BGs, subsidiaries tend to diversify the sector covered at more distant levels from the parent: on average, distant subsidiaries cover more diverse sectors with respect to closer subsidiaries. This is still consistent with our previous ndings on concentration and routinizability: for a given level of industry concentration, subsidiaries more distant from the HQ perform more repetitive tasks and therefore are able to cover a di erent sector from the one of the parent.