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Bangladesh. Until recently, the country was fully dependent on imported solar water heating systems mainly from China. Presently, RERC - Dhaka University, IFRD of Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) and Centre for Mass Education in Science (CMES) are involved in Research & Development (R&D) activities of SWH systems. RERC has designed and fabricated a SWH flat plate collector system of 60-400 Litre capacities with all local available materials and successfully tested the performance in July 2009. Bangladesh has a wealth experience in solar water heaters on laboratory scale, which is not commercialized rightly for its promotion. IFRD has established a laboratory for conducting research & testing on solar, wind, and micro- hydro equipment to study the applicability for water pumping and generation of electricity in remote and off-shore islands of Bangladesh. The facility can be improved to test solar water heaters in future. The CMES was established in 1978 to create awareness among citizens of Bangladesh towards developments in science and technology. Later on CMES started solar energy related activities through its field offices. It has recently established its “Solar Lab” to take up adaptive research on accessories of solar PV systems, solar cookers, solar water heaters and solar dryers. CMES is one of the country’s focal agencies in the “RET in Asia Program” funded by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA).
Bangladesh. Solar water heating technology was known in Bangladesh since 1990s. The initial efforts were targeted towards studies on suitability of SWH technology to the country’s climatic conditions. Initially, the SWH systems were imported, mainly from China, but the system cost was very high and not at all affordable. Then, the research and academic organizations such as Renewable Energy Research Institute (RERC) of Bangladesh University and Institute of Fuel Research & Development (IFRD), Centre for Mass Education in Science (CMES), Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) strived to develop SWH systems using locally available materials. The systems were successfully manufactured and tested at their own facilities. In parallel, a few local manufacturers who were already involved in other solar energy businesses started manufacturing the SWH systems locally. SWH manufacturers & taxes: IIEC with the valuable co-operation from Rahimafrooz Renewable Energy Limited (RREL), the pioneer and leading company in the solar energy business (including SWH systems) of Bangladesh has obtained and able to present information on design and installation related aspects of SWH systems in the country. There is no national estimate available for total number of SWH installations in Bangladesh. The installations are scattered in the country and attributed to the individual manufacturers and suppliers of SWH systems. Imported systems from China and neighbouring India dominate and compete with the locally manufactured products. Under the guidelines of Renewable Energy Policy (REP) 2002, imported solar water heaters are exempted from custom duties and Value Added Tax (VAT). Potential market for SWH installations: The potential market for SWH installations are residential bungalows, off-grid resorts and hotels and tanneries and industries. Considering the tropical climate in Bangladesh, high cost of SWH systems and infant stage of the industry, the technology is not very competitive for all residential customers, the most enquiries and installations are from only high end residential customers. For commercial customers (hotels and resorts) and industrial customers (especially tanneries), unreliable power supply issues are reasons for using solar energy wherever possible. Since 2006-07, the growth rate of number of SWH installations in commercial and industrial premises has increased, but remains very low. RREL which is considered to be a market leader in Bangladesh has installed 12 S...
Bangladesh. Institution. of Engineers Bangladesh (IEB) INDIA The Institute of Electrical CHINA Engineers, Japan China Association of Science and Technology (CAST) CHINESE TAIPEI Chinese Institute of Engineers (CIE) 22 MOUs SIGNED
Bangladesh. Theme DFID Risk score DFID Risk score Dhaka Other Parts of Bangladesh OVERALL RATING MEDIUM MEDIUM FCO travel advice Medium Medium Transportation Medium Medium Security Medium Medium Civil unrest Medium Medium Violence/crime Medium Medium Terrorism Medium Medium War Low Low Hurricane Medium Medium Earthquake Medium Medium Flood Medium Medium Medical Services Medium Medium Nature of Project/Intervention Low Low 2. Burma Theme DFID Risk score DFID Risk score Rangoon Other Parts of Burma OVERALL RATING MEDIUM MEDIUM FCO travel advice Medium Medium Transportation High High Security Medium Medium Civil unrest Medium Medium Violence/crime Low Low Terrorism Medium Medium War Low Low Hurricane Medium Medium Earthquake Medium Medium Flood Medium Medium Medical Services Low Medium Nature of Project/Intervention Low Low 3. Ethiopia Theme DFID Risk score DFID Risk score Addis Ababa Other Parts of Ethiopia OVERALL RATING MEDIUM MEDIUM FCO travel advice Medium High Transportation Medium Medium Security Medium Medium Civil unrest Medium Medium Violence/crime Medium Medium Terrorism High High War Low Low Hurricane Low Low Earthquake Low Low Flood Low Low Medical Services Medium Medium Nature of Project/Intervention Low Low
Bangladesh. Bangladesh is the eighth most populous country in the world and third most populous country in South Asia. 63% of its total population lives in the rural areas. (World Bank, 2018a). The country is significantly affected by the health workforce crisis. The most skilled health care professionals (HCPs) like physicians are concentrated in the urban regions (major cities like Dhaka), while less skilled HCPs are more inclined towards rural areas. In rural parts of the country, there are only 1.1 physicians in rural regions per 10,000 population whereas the number surges to 18.2 per 10,000 population in the urban areas. 35% of the total physicians in Bangladesh are serving in the four major cities of the country (Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, and Khulna), while 20% of the total workforce manages the health affairs of the rural population. (Xxxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxxxxxx, 2006). Furthermore, the Bangladesh Health Facility Survey of 2014 revealed that 62% of the sanctioned physicians’ posts are filled at district and subdistrict levels, which are mostly secondary care hospitals. However, at the union level, comprised mostly of PHCFs, occupancy rate of the sanctioned posts is less than 25%. (Xxxxxx, Xxxxx, Xxxxx, Xxxxxxx, & Xxxxxx, 2017). Xxxxxx et al. observed that besides the general problems related to physician retention in rural areas like financial incentives, accommodation, career development etc., there is a need to analyze and revise government’s rural health policy to deal with all the outstanding issues related to rural retention. This includes fair and transparent promotion system for rural physicians, enhancing local manager authorities to reduce workers absenteeism and introduction of a specific rural physician retention policy at national level. (Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, & Xxxxxxxxx, 2015).
Bangladesh. This year, WASHplus received the consumer research findings from iDE and a draft 4Ps Marketing Mix and Behavior Change Strategy for New Improved Cookstoves and are working with the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves (GACC) to develop a number of knowledge products as well as our USAID deliverables, which will be forthcoming in early 2016.
Bangladesh. Bangladesh, officially the People’s Republic of Bangladesh is a South Asian country located between 20° 34’ and 26° 38’ North latitude and 88° 01’ and 92°41’ East longitude. The capital city of Bangladesh is Dhaka. Bangladesh was a part of the British Indian province till 1947, which then was separated and formed a part of Pakistan called ‘East Pakistan’. It emerged as an independent and sovereign country in 1971, currently practicing democratic parliamentary government. It is bordered by India on North, West and a part of East, Bay of Bengal on South and Myanmar on South-east.
Bangladesh. Table 2 shows that the most important markets for products exported under the Second Round, in order of importance, were China, India and the Republic of Korea. The share of Bangladesh in the world imports of those countries showed an increase in the case of China and the Republic of Korea, but a declining share in the case of India and Sri Lanka. Table 2. Imports of APTA member countries from Bangladesh and the world: products under National and Special Lists of Concessions – Second Round (1999-2003) (Thousands of United States dollars) APTA members Imports from 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 China Bangladesh 2 122 642 1 558 11 295 8 066 (14) World 3 152 983 4 351 827 4 301 524 5 086 012 8 401 213 Share (%) 0.07 0.01 0.04 0.22 0.10 India Bangladesh 7 437 5 757 4 316 4 181 5 477 (9) World 91 094 55 599 80 575 81 201 104 869 Share (%) 8.16 10.35 5.36 5.15 5.22 Republic of Korea Bangladesh 968 774 877 1 061 1 291 (5) World 94 426 102 951 50 623 42 980 34 758 Share (%) 1.03 0.75 1.73 2.47 3.71 Lao People’s Bangladesh n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Democratic Republic Sri Lanka Bangladesh 2 458 n.a. 47 108 n.a. (1) World 2 553 n.a. 100 301 n.a. Share (%) 96.28 n.a. 47.00 35.88 n.a. Source: Estimated from the PC-TAS database, 2005. Note: Figures in parentheses indicate the number of products imported in 2003. 6 This paper has been adapted for publication in the Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Review and does not include the comprehensive annex tables, which are too large to be included in the text of this paper but were attached at the end of the original paper; they contained hyperlinks from which the details of identified products could be examined (only through the electronic version of the paper). Table 3 shows that China, the Republic of Korea and India were the most important markets for Bangladesh for products under the Third Round. The share of Bangladesh in the world trade of member countries is quite marginal and shows a mildly declining trend. Table 3. Imports of APTA member countries from Bangladesh and the world: products under National and Special Lists of Concessions – Third Round (1999-2003) (Thousands of United States dollars) APTA members Imports from 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 China Bangladesh 3 658 7 629 1 508 1 246 4 480 (12) World 717 773 1 126 061 1 193 831 1 295 655 1 897 681 Share (%) 0.51 0.68 0.13 0.10 0.24 India Bangladesh 290 224 42 129 489 (5) World 93 977 115 877 124 141 176 169 164 154 Share (%) 0.31 0.19 0.03 0.07 0.30 Republic of Korea Ban...
Bangladesh. 19970325 Declaration of Intent. Belarus 20001023 Entry into force:20030826 Trade and Economic Co-operation Agreement. 20001024 Entry into force:20001024 Protocol on Cooperation. 20020918 Entry into force:20031229 Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to taxes on Income and on Capital (Property). 20021122 Agreement on Scientific and Technological Cooperation. 20060828 Entry into force:20060828 Agreement on Cooperation in the Fields of Arts and Culture. 20060828 Agreement on the Establishment of a Committee on Trade and Economic Cooperation. 20060828 Agreement on the Waiver of Visa Requirements for Holders of Diplomatic and Service or Official Passports. 20060929 Entry into force:20060905 Agreement on Military Technical Cooperation. Belgium 19950201 Entry into force:19981009 Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income. 19950316 Memorandum of Understanding on Development cooperation. 19950501 Declaration of Intent - Health. 19950508 Entry into force:19950508 Agreement regarding cooperation between the South African Police Service and the Belgian Gendarmerie 19950509 Declaration of Intent between the Government of the Rep. of South Africa and the Government of the Kingdom of Belgium. 19950524 Entry into force:19950524 Specific Agreement on cooperation in the field of Health. 20000502 Entry into force:20030401 Air Services Agreement. 20000830 Entry into force:20000830 Arrangement concerning the Presence of the Belgian Air Force in the Territory of South Africa. 20020530 Entry into force:20020530 Agreement on the Creation of a Belgo-South African Study and Consultancy Fund. 20020708 Entry into force:20061017 General agreement on development cooperation. 20021018 Entry into force:20061017 Agreement regulating Technical Assistance. 20030120 Entry into force:20030120 Specific Agreement on Expansion of TB/HIV/STI Prevention, Care and Support in the Republic of South Africa. 20040325 Entry into force:20040325 Specific Agreement on Capacity Building in the Department of Health of the Republic of South Africa. 20040519 Entry into force:20040519 Specific Agreement on Speeding up the Land Restitution Process for the Commission on Restitution of Land Rights in the Department of Land Affairs. 20041116 Entry into force:20041116 Declaration of Intent on Cooperation. 20041116 Entry into force:20041116 Declaration of Intent to Establish a Joint Co...