The Past. In the 1980s and 1990s, Nigerians consumed over a hundred thousand MT of LPG and then the figures began to go down. The four refineries in the country were desultory and could not supply the market in spite of a combined installed LPG capacity of 360,000MT. The effects of this spiraled down to other things: wastage of primary and secondary storage capacity of about 37,000mt. The 2 storage tanks built and owned by NNPC were a hopeless situation for LPG at the only functioning artery of petroleum products in the country, the NOJ Jetty at Apapa; an abandoned jetty in Calabar; corroded and decrepit cylinders; deteriorating infrastructure; over 300 non-functional filling plants; downturn in business in supply; dwindling investments; all time high LPG prices; and an increase in the use of kerosene and firewood, endangering health and the environment. This situation left in its wake the dereliction of facilities used for the supply of LPG to a nonetheless growing population, making it a xxxxxxxxx affair to use LPG as cooking fuel. The industry lost a major part of its market. In September 2006, the Board of Nigeria LNG, worried about the scarcity of LPG in the midst of abundant gas, decided to revive the LPG market and reduce the dependence on firewood fuels for cooking by majority of Nigerians. The decision was the beginning of a fierce confrontation with infrastructural challenges that beset the industry. A major challenge was the NOJ jetty in Apapa which was over-burdened with mass importation of petroleum products. Unfortunately for the LPG businesses, LPG was down the pecking order of petroleum products that could run down the storage tanks owned by PPMC. It was the case of inertia in Calabar where the second jetty sat. In addition to the daunting challenges, the low draught at the jetty did not make it possible for very large vessels to berth, the kind that would uplift from the Bonny terminal where NLNG exports gas. And so a major town hall meeting in 2006 was organized by the company to forge a way out of the quagmire. This led to a dedication of 150,000mt annually by the NLNG Board, selection of six lifters (off-takers) and an ingenious idea of a Ship-to-Ship (STS) supply of LPG to the domestic market on a Free-on-board basis (FOB). The project, christened Domestic LPG (DLPG) by NLNG, involved lifting gas from Bonny on board a mother vessel; processing the gas for domestic consumption on the vessel; transfer of gas to a smaller ship called the Shuttle Ve...
The Past. 2 (1) The taxes affected by this Part are—
The Past. (Please see the timeline in the appendix for further information).The history of education and First Nations peoples begins with relationships. Skills, values, and stories were taught by elders and parents, and, in the Haida tradition, most especially by uncles and aunts. Education was also experiential and relevant to the child It was recommended that more use be made of material gathered on Haida Studies and local history. Queen Charlotte Education Survey, Special Meeting, January 28, 1976 and the community. The arrival of European education undermined, but did not extinguish, these traditions. Damage was done to these practices by the utilisation of Residential Schools, most particularly Alert Bay, Port Alberni, Coqualeetza in Chilliwack, and in Edmonton, the four primary schools for Haida children. Disease, displacement, racism and colonisation all impacted Haida traditions and language, but they survived resiliently. “There’s good things in this world yet and the best thing that could ever happen is to have a little kid as a friend, they are the best friends in the world. That’s what teaching should be about.” Xxxx Xxxxxxxxx By the mid twentieth century, Haida Gwaii merged from two school districts to one, Queen Charlotte. The only opportunity for a grade twelve education was in Masset; access to a full education only came in the late 1970s. Prior to this, many students’ education did not extend to the senior secondary level before leaving
