Behavior Intervention Studies and Prevention of Type Sample Clauses

Behavior Intervention Studies and Prevention of Type. 2 diabetes. Epidemiological evidence suggests that obese and GDM women are at increased risk for the development of T2DM after pregnancy (7, 63, 78-83). Risk of developing diabetes is 9.6 times greater for patients with GDM and the cumulative risk of developing T2DM for patients with GDM is about 25.8% at 15 years post diagnosis (84). The extent of this risk depends on maternal risk factors, some of which are potentially modifiable. Several prospective and cross-sectional epidemiological studies have indicated that lifestyle and behavior modification programs are associated with a significant reduction in the development of T2DM in individuals with IGT (20- 22, 85). In the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) (21), 3,234 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were randomized to an intensive lifestyle intervention (goal of ≥7% weight reduction and ≥150 min/week of moderately intense activity), or to a standard diet and exercise program plus a medication treatment group of metformin or placebo. After an average follow-up of 2.8 years, a 58% relative reduction in the progression to diabetes was observed in the lifestyle group compared with control subjects, greater than the 31% relative reduction in the metformin group. The results of these studies have led to a position statement from the American Diabetes Association and National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, which indicated that T2DM can be prevented or delayed, and therefore, recommended behavior changes to achieve healthy lifestyle in populations at risk. The validity of generalizing the results of previous prevention studies to the pregnancy state have shown modest effects on GWG and diabetes suggesting that more successful interventions are possible. Based on the encouraging results of lifestyle modification programs, we hypothesize that this early cultural, linguistically grounded lifestyle intervention program can limit excessive GWG, risks of developing GDM and other obesity-related maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy (84, 86).
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