Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) Model Sample Clauses

Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) Model. The land surface model used to analyze the hydrologic impacts of climate change in the Verde River Basin is the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) macroscale energy and water balance model (Xxxxx et al., 1994; Xxxxxxxxx et al., 2003; and Xxxxxxxxx et al., 2007). As compared to other land surface schemes, VIC’s distinguishing hydrologic features are its representation of sub grid variability in soil storage capacity as a spatial probability distribution, to which surface runoff is related (Xxxx et al., 1980), and its parameterization of base flow, which occurs from a lower soil moisture zone as a nonlinear recession (Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxx, 1992). Sub grid-scale variability in soil properties is represented in VIC by a spatially varying infiltration capacity. Movement of moisture between the soil layers is modeled as gravity drainage, with the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity a function of the degree of saturation of the soil (Xxxxxxxx, 1974). The deepest soil layer produces base flow according a nonlinear base flow formulation Xxxxx et al (1994). In this way, the model separates subsurface flow from quick storm response. Horizontally, the land surface is described by a given number of tiled land cover classes. The subsurface is characterized vertically by an arbitrary number of soil layers. For most applications two or three soil layers have been used, with the top layer relatively thin (usually 5-10 cm). The land cover (vegetation) classes are specified by the fraction of the grid cell which they occupy, with their leaf area index (LAI), canopy resistance, and relative fraction of roots in each of the soil layers. The VIC model has been tested and applied at a range of scales, from large river basins to continental and global scales. These studies have been reported in Xxxxxxx et al. (1996); Nijssen et al. (1997); Xxxx et al. (1997); Xxxx et al. (1998); Xxxxxxx et al., (2000); X'Xxxxxxx et al , (1999); and Nijssen et al. (2001).
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