Thresholds for determining treatment with MDA Sample Clauses

Thresholds for determining treatment with MDA. World Health Organization, 2006; International Trachoma Initiative, 2014 individual. The absence of ocular and/or nasal discharge decreases the likelihood that Musca sorbens (the eye-seeking fly that transmits trachoma) will carry the infectious discharge from one individual to the next. Face washing is consistently promoted by national trachoma programs as a strategy to prevent trachoma transmission, yet there are no standard indicators that can be used to assess facial cleanliness, a gap that results in the inability to objectively assess progress and comparisons between countries, and know how to best address the promotion of “F” and “E” (Xxxx, X.X., et al., 2011; Stocks, M.E., et al., 2014). Similarly, the “E” component, specifically the use of latrines, lacks standard indicators, even though latrines are a key component referenced in trachoma prevention strategies. The use of latrines decreases the potential for transmission due to the fact that M. sorbens prefer to breed in exposed human feces, but not in latrines (Xxxxxxx, P.M., et al., 2004). However, there is dissent as to how latrines, or “E”, should be measured—some determine that the presence of a latrine is sufficient while others consider the quality or use of the latrine (Montgomery, M.A., et al., 2010). The lack of objective, standard indicators to assess activities and outcomes make it difficult to measure the impact of “F” and “E” interventions. This project focused specifically on “F” and “E”, the behavior change components, that are the most challenging for the global trachoma program to implement, but are necessary for achieving and sustaining elimination. The geographic focus of this project was Amhara, Ethiopia since The Xxxxxx Center assists trachoma efforts there and it is has the highest known prevalence of trachoma globally. Of the 1,181 districts that requested Zithromax® for treatment in 2016, for a total of 165 million treatments, 578 districts (48.9%) totaling over 71 million treatments (43.0%) were requested for Ethiopia (International Trachoma Initiative data, 2015). Further, of the 128 districts that conducted impact assessments in 2013, 58 (45%) of which occurred in Ethiopia, only one had fallen below the 5% TF1-9 threshold for elimination in Ethiopia, as compared to 61% of districts that had fallen below the threshold worldwide (International Trachoma Initiative data, 2015). There is a demonstrated need for continued, and possibly modified, approaches to deliver the SAFE...
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