Thesis Outline. The remainder of this thesis is organized as follows. In Chapter 2 we present our wab based consensus protocols, namely B -Consensus and R -Consensus, in Sec- tion 2.2. Also in Chapter 2, we present our multicoordinated consensus algorithm, in Section 2.3. In Chapter 3 we focus on the generalized consensus problem. In specific, in Section 3.4 we present our multicoordinated generalized consensus pro- tocol, Multicoordinated Paxos. In Section 3.5 we show how to instantiate Multico- ordinated Paxos to solve the generic broadcast problem. In Chapter 4 we deal with agreement among agents organized in groups and present our basic and extended protocols for such a scenario. We present our last contribution, the log service spec- ification and implementations, in Chapter 5. Finally, in Chapter 6, we conclude this thesis and point some directions for future works. Chapter 2 Multicoordinated Consensus
Thesis Outline. In this chapter, we have given an overview of the inflation theory, the problems that solve, and how the perturbations are generated. To explain it, we have developed the mechanism of gravitational particle creation for scalar fields. At the end of the section we have introduced the standard model Xxxxx field and its running, which combined with its quantum fluctuations during inflation, it leads us to the problem of the stability of the electroweak vacuum. The rest of the thesis is going to be structured as follows: • In chapter 2, we consider the effect of the Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxxx radiation on the inflaton in the situation where it is coupled to a large number of spectator fields. We argue that this will lead to two significant effects - a thermal contri- bution to the potential and a gradual change in parameters in the Lagrangian, which results from thermodynamic and energy conservation arguments. We present a scenario of hilltop inflation, where the field starts trapped at the origin, before slowly experiencing a phase transition during which the field, extremely slowly, moves towards its zero temperature expectation value. We show that it is possible to obtain enough e-folds of expansion as well as the correct spectrum of perturbations without hugely fine-tuned parameters in the potential (albeit with many spectator fields). We also comment on how initial conditions for inflation can arise naturally in this situation. This chapter is based on the work published in [40]. • In chapter 3, we study the (Xxxxx-Xxxxxxx-)Xxxxx quartic coupling which be- comes negative at high energies rendering our current electroweak vacuum metastable, but with an instability timescale much longer than the age of the current universe. During cosmological inflation, unless there is a non-minimal coupling to gravity, the Xxxxx field is pushed away from the origin of its po- tential due to quantum fluctuations. It is therefore a mystery how we have remained in our current vacuum if we went through such a period of inflation. In this chapter, we study the effect of top quarks created gravitationally during inflation and their effect upon the Xxxxx potential using only general relativity with minimal couplings and Standard Model particle physics. We show how the evolution of the Xxxxx field during inflation is modified concluding that this effect is non-negligible for scales of inflation close to or larger than the stability scale but small for scales where the Xxxxx is stable. Als...
Thesis Outline. The thesis is broken down into seven chapters. Chapter one introduces the study and outlines its background, setting the stage for what follows. Specifically, it addresses the research problem and questions, states the overall thesis aim and specific objectives. Chapter two presents key literature on franchising and the relationship between franchisors and franchisees in the hotel industry. It moves from the general conceptualization of franchising to specific issues of how to create and maintain good relationships between franchisors and franchisees in the hotel industry. It considers definitions of hotel franchising and how to develop a working definition to comply with the aim of the thesis. It critically reviews relevant literature on the advantages and disadvantages of hotel franchising. It identifies the major franchisors in the hotel industry. The development of a special relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee is explored with agency theory, resource scarcity theory, social capital theory and psychological contract, each of which is discussed in the context of franchising. It highlights the different aspects of the lifecycle of hotel franchising. It discusses services provided by the franchisor ranging from selecting partners in the hotel franchise relationship to on-going franchise support. A suggested conceptual framework is presented. This thesis emphasizes that hotel franchising literature is extremely limited. As a result, this section will try to apply existing literature to the hotel industry. Chapter three outlines the epistemological and theoretical perspectives of the research and provides a justification for choosing the research design and methodology. The chapter then describes the phases of the methodology employed in this research which adopts a multiple case study approach. This methodology includes two research methods in order to meet the research objectives; semi-structured interviews with hotel franchisors-franchisees and document analysis. Chapter four analyses the transcribed interviews. This chapter provides a detailed discussion of the results from interviews conducted with hotel franchisor and their franchisees in relation to the relationship themes facing hotel franchise relationships. These themes include: application phase, pre- opening phase, opening phase and on-going franchise support. It presents the perspectives of the franchisor and franchisees towards the aforementioned issues. The chapter concludes...
Thesis Outline. This thesis studies the non-equilibrium dynamics of composite quantum systems following the quench described in the introduction at early times specifically. The time scales of interest are well before the validity of ETH and even hydrodynam- ics, so the analysis is based on the evolution of energy, the von Neumann and relative entropies, as well as the information spread between different parts of the system. This was initially motivated by an observation in numerical simula- tions of a peculiar early-time energy increase in the hotter of two quench-coupled systems. This thesis not only provides a detailed explanation of this quantum phenomenon but also explores how it can be used for experimentally measuring quantum correlations, both as a feature for detecting a lab realization of an SYK system as well as the implications it has on the formation of black holes. Those results have been published in three different papers [71, 72, 73] plus one yet un- published manuscript. Before elaborating on them we provided a brief overview of each of the four chapters. → In the first Chapter 2, we introduce this paradoxical early time rise in energy in the hotter of the two baths and the quantum thermodynamic approach to studying post-quench dynamics. To understand the essence of this phenomenon, without the interference of model-dependent peculiarities, we use the 1D free fermion model as a case study. Conveniently, in the time regime of interest, we obtain analytical expressions for the energy and for the von Neumann entropies, which is an additional benefit of this model. In addition to the theoretical study, we have suggested an experimentally realizable quench protocol that can measure entanglement between two subsystems using the energy increase and its relation to von Neumann entropy. In this quench, one starts with two originally independent systems of free fermions A and B initially prepared in quantum thermal states at temperatures TA and TB. At low temperatures, when quenched, the increasing entanglement contribution to the von Neumann entropy is dominant over the decreasing thermal one. As a consequence the von Neumann entropy of each subsystem increases for a certain period after the subsystems are coupled. If in this period one decouples the subsystems there is an energy transfer to the system in the amount set by the von Neumann entropy accumulated during the joint evolution of A and B. This energy transfer appears as work produced by the quench to dec...
Thesis Outline. A comprehensive study of the young stellar object L1489 IRS is presented in chapter 2. In this chapter we introduce several of the tools and techniques which we employ throughout this thesis. We take a physical model from the literature of L1489 IRS, which we customize so that we can accommodate observational fea- tures such as the envelope geometry and we introduce a parameterized description of the velocity field. The reason why we study this particular object is because of its unusual properties. First of all it has a very large size and an elongated disk-like appearance. Secondly, both infall and rotational velocity components are measured, and therefore this source is a good candidate for testing our veloc- ity model. Our model is compared to single-dish spectra and because we have a large number of free parameters, we use a stochastic search algorithm to obtain the best fit. The minimization technique used in this chapter is based on Voronoi tessellation of the parameter space. In chapter 3 we use a similar, but more ad- vanced search algorithm, whereas the Voronoi tessellation is revisited in chapter 7, this time as a mean of radiation transfer gridding. Our velocity model is elaborated upon in chapter 3. The scope of this chapter is to evaluate general applicability of the velocity model and to test how well the best fit parameters of our model describe the actual velocity field of a particular source. A hydrodynamical simulation of the formation of a star and a circumstel- lar disk provides a continuous velocity field, temperature and density distribution. Synthetic observations are then calculated from our hydrodynamical solution and the velocity model which was introduced in chapter 2 is fitted to these in a simi- lar way as we did for L1489 IRS. We show that the best-fit parameters describe a velocity field which is in reasonable agreement with the velocity field in the sim- ulation. In this chapter we use a genetic optimization algorithm to obtain the best fit. This algorithm proves to be very reliable and works well for our purpose. In chapter 4 we return to L1489 IRS, for a more detailed study. High- resolution interferometric data were acquired with the Submillimeter Array of the central, dense parts of this source. The aim of this chapter is to investigate whether it is possible to separate a possible protoplanetary disk from the envelope using kinematic arguments. We use the model derived in chapter 2 but with the addi- tion of a Kepleria...
Thesis Outline. Chapter 2 investigates the construction and demolition waste (CDW) issues of the built environment development, in the context of a fast developing economy, by conducting a dynamic MFA for the future waste concrete generation in Beijing’s urban housing sector (Case I). In this study, the effect of economic growth on the demand for housing floor area has been explored by introducing the factor of GDP into the stock dynamics model, and the relationship between the GDP growth and the PCFA (per capita floor area) have been identified by international comparison. Three scenarios, representing the current trend extension, high GDP growth and lengthening lifetime of buildings are analyzed. The results of analysis provide a better understanding of the effectiveness and limitations of the prolonging lifetime strategy and recycling strategy for the CDW management in the built environment development from a long-term perspective.
Thesis Outline. Chapter 2: Provides background about the security in general and explained security services and security attacks, then discuss remote user authentication and public cryptography algorithms RSA and ECC, and comparison between them. Chapter 3: Shows the recent related works that discuss remote user authentication protocols. Chapter 4: Explained and discuss the improvement on (Xxxxxxx et al., 2016) scheme with details, and review the (Sutrala et al., 2016) scheme.
Thesis Outline. The current paper introduces the concept of sexual health education in the context of international study, and the main issues of sexual health education across the world and in Kazakhstan are presented and discussed within the sections of each chapter. This introductory chapter discusses the problem statement, highlights the main issues that study will investigate and the significance of the study presented. Chapter two addresses the literature review and touches on the historical background of sexual health education in Kazakhstan as well as globally and provides an overview of the sexual health education teaching approaches. This chapter also explains sexual health education importance through the various theories of human development. The objective review of previous empirical study’s findings on teachers' attitudes and perception are presented, and the substantial impact of teachers’ positive viewpoint on the implementation of sexual health education has been reviewed in this chapter. Chapter three explicitly describes the research methodology, participants and process of the data collection methods and other details such as ethics, and data analysis. Chapter four presents the findings which have been developed from interpretation and analysis of the data which are then discussed in further detail in Chapter five. Chapter six delivers information about the overall conclusions of the given research and recommendation for the future study.
Thesis Outline. The first chapter gives a short introduction to the area combustion modelling and ionization currents. The following chapter treats the basic Xxxx motor concept and the multi-zonal model. Here, the the- ory behind ionization current and different NO-models are explained. The third chapter deals with the methods used when implementing the dynamical NO-model. The main work has been done in the fourth chapter, which consists of the results and analysis from various simu- lations. The last chapter discuss the conclusions of the work and some points for future work.
Thesis Outline. The reminder of the thesis is structured as follows. Chapter 2 provides the prelim- inaries on the required technical background for understanding the research area addressed. The main contributions of the study are related to four distinct areas: perceptual-quality aware in-network video adaptation; queuing-based QoE-aware in-network video adaptation; provisioning cost-effective video caching and cost- driven CaaS, which are discussed in chapters 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. Since each contribution chapter addresses a unique research problem, concluding re- marks are presented therein. Based on the overall picture of research conducted in the thesis, the main conclusions and directions for future work are presented in Chapter 7.
