The Treaty. This authorisation shall include the powers to appoint a Head of Mission, upon a proposal of the SG/HR, and to amend the Concept of Operations (CONOPS) and the OPLAN. The powers of decision with respect to the objectives and termination of the Mission shall remain vested in the Council.
The Treaty. However, politically, the EU Commission is trying to promote the Treaty more and more as a guarantee for nuclear safety (which is not the case for many reasons) and as a legal basis for increasing its own competences in the field of nuclear. Currently there are preparations ongoing to make a proposal for some EU wide regulation on nuclear liability; while of course experts in this field are well aware that the EURATOM Treaty does not allow for this. For other reasons - EU member states being in too many different nuclear liability regimes – there will most likely be a non-legislative proposal only. In spite of the strong focus on safety (at least on paper), EURATOM of course is still a Treaty with the task of promoting nuclear energy, on many levels, most importantly the loans but of course also policy, like e.g. the directive using Euratom as the legal basis. Text by Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx, within the Joint Project “Risk & Public Control” – more information under xxx.xxxxx-xxxxxx.xxx More on EURATOM: Conference Reader, FoEE 2002: xxxx://xxx.xxxx.xxx/docu/boeken/pdf/6-04-0-20-56.pdf
The Treaty. The North Atlantic Treaty in its preamble reaffirms the faith of the Parties in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and declares that the Parties "are determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage and civilization of their people, founded on the principle of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law"; that "they seek to promote the stability and wellbeing of the North Atlantic area"; and that "they are resolved to unite their efforts for collective defence and for the preservation of peace and security".* The defence aspects of the Treaty are covered mainly by Articles 3, 4 and 5. Article 3 provides in part that "The Parties, separately and jointly, by means of continuous and effective self-help and mutual aid, will maintain and develop their individual and collective capacity to resist armed attack". Article 3 provides also that "wherever in the opinion of any of them, the territorial integrity, political independence or security of any of the Parties is threatened", they will consult with one another. By Article 5, the Parties agree that an armed attack against any of them shall be deemed an attack against all, and that in the event of such an attack, each will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking, individually and in concert with the others, "such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area" A fourth basic article is Article 2. This Article, which was largely promoted by Canada, declares: "The Parties will contribute toward the further development of peaceful and friendly international relations by strengthening their free institutions, by bringing about a better understanding of the principles, upon which these institutions are founded, and by promoting conditions of stability and well- being. They will seek to eliminate conflict in their international economic policies and will encourage economic collaboration between any or all of them." The course of events since the Treaty was signed has compelled members to give priority to defence and security; nevertheless Article 2 is important, as the affirma- tion of a long-term objective. The Treaty Organization (NATO) .—Unlike the United Nations Charter, the North Atlantic Treaty has little to say about organization. Article 9 of the Treaty provides merely for the establishment of a Council "to consider matters
The Treaty. 31. Article XII(4) of the Treaty provides as follows: The dispute may, by the investor concerned, be submitted to arbitration under:
