The Context. 2.2.1. The Encounter of the ‘Despotic Elites’ with ‘Common Man’ through political transformations: The transition to the multiparty regime in 1950 brought a rhetorical shift in the power distribution, mostly in favor of the landowning commercial and industrial elites represented by the DP challenging the military/bureaucratic elite of the CHP. In this new equilibrium, the DP made the propaganda of the power and potential of the ‘common man’ as the representative of the true ‘national will’ vis a vis ‘despotic elites.’ These changes complied with the expansion of Turkish cinema thanks to the rising domestic production and consumption. In fact, the whole atmosphere constituted a step toward transforming ordinary people’s imaginings of a political leader from the Europe-oriented military/bureaucratic elite into self-made, traditional, anti- intellectual, anti-elitist, and anti-bureaucratic man of the periphery. Unsurprisingly, this imagining formed the most significant characteristics of heroes in nationalist action/adventure movies that served to reproduce political myths. The DP’s establishment goes back to the split in the CHP due to a disagreement over a law draft about the land reform, which proposed redistributing land to peasants in 1945.384 Some landowners, including Adnan Menderes, a landowner and deputy from the province of Aydın, opposed the draft by arguing that this law harmed national sovereignty and the maintenance of democratic institutions. Later, a group of four CHP deputies formed by Celal Bayar, Refik Koraltan, Adnan Menderes, and Fuat Köprülü submitted the Dörtlü Takrir (Memorandum of the Four) in which they asked for the party’s reform.385 In a very short time, Bayar and Menderes were dismissed from the CHP. For these two former members of the CHP, the Memorandum and what happened afterward put the CHP and its leader İsmet İnönü (1884- 1973) in a conflicting position against ‘democracy’ and the ‘nation’s will.’ In fact, this conflict shaped the DP’s populist propaganda centered on the argument that the CHP acted against the nation like “enlightened despots,” therefore, the only representative of the national will was the DP.386 From then on, any political parties in the DP line would make the propaganda that they were the real representatives of the Turkish nation as opposed to the despotic elites of the other side. This cleavage of elites and the ‘real and legitimate citizens’ would become one of the dominant themes of Turkey’s politica...
The Context. The primary purpose of the SCNAT program has been to promote compliance with the ABS princi- ples by the research community. Awareness-raising and capacity building are essential to this end. The ABS team developed a code of conduct3 and elaborated a strategy for awareness raising. To ease the negotiations of contracts on Mutually Agreed Terms, it developed model contract claus- es tailored to the needs of both providers of genet- ic resources and non-commercial users seeking access. Such instruments are deemed important for ABS implementation and compliance and are mentioned in the Draft Protocol.4
The Context. Lincolnshire is a large county characterised by its rural nature, poor transport infrastructure and little in the way of inward investment. There are packets of deprivation particularly in the city of Lincoln and a low wage culture with many families having few aspirations or engagement with higher education. It only has been in the last few years that there has been any accessible higher education opportunities in the city other than those provided by Xxxxxx Grotteste College and Lincoln College. Now, with the establishment of the University of Lincoln in the city, there are more opportunities for progression. There are a number of factors which contribute to the pattern of educational performance and participation in higher education in the county. Generally the performance of Lincolnshire schools in terms of average A Level past school is above the national average. Against that there is a participation rate of between 21% and 29% in the county. Overall the county’s participation rate is 28% and Aimhigher activities plan to raise this by 10% by 2010. The challenge is great as 14.3% of the county’s population reside in 10% of the most deprived wards of the region and only 7.6% of young (accepted) UCAS applicants reside in these wards, reflecting the fact that they are clearly under represented.
The Context. The intensity and the duration of international crises have significantly increased in the last years, threatening the accomplishment of develop- ment goals of the Agenda 2030. The German Government has responded to this challenge by expanding its political priority towards greater engagement in fragile contexts and it has been translated by the Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) in projects that focus on the importance of preventive action and the need to consist- ently orientate development cooperation towards peacebuilding. This priority has been transferred to an increased number of projects/pro- grams that are operating in a fragile context as well as into the consistent formulation of objectives and goals for intervention. KfW Development Bank (KfW) has responded to this challenge by expanding its work in fragile contexts into a core competency along with developing the instru- ment of the Framework Agreement (FWA) for preparatory interventions. FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT AS NEW INSTRUMENT The FWA is a new instrument of KfW for the procurement of project pre- paratory studies and assessments in those countries characterized by crisis and fragility. This particular setting required a change in orientation for the Financial Cooperation (FC), which needed to surpass the “traditional” pro- ject cycle and newly adapt to a complex context via streamlining measures. Therefore, KfW has conceived of this new instrument for the preparation and early implementation of projects/programs characterized by a high term of flexibility and adaptability to the specific challenges enabling the provi- sion of standardized high quality information for decision making processes that lead to efficient and sustainable implementation. The foundation for an efficient and sustainable project/program is laid in its identification and preparation. It is therefore essential to create a solid background comprised of comprehensive analyses of social, economic, legal, cultural, educational and political aspects with the involvement of stakeholders and partners that maximize the sense of collective ownership and sharing. The aim of the FWA, as a new instrument of KfW, is to create the informational background for efficient and sustainable implementation of the financed project/program to achieve the goals of the Agenda 2030. In a challenging scenario characterized by a precarious situation of the target groups, fast-changing conditions and the need to quickly comm...
The Context. 4. The starting point for assessing DT’s disclosure is to consider its position in the litigation and the case brought against it:
The Context. Staffordshire [To add in more about each district and the county as a whole] Staffordshire is situated in the north of the West Midlands region. It is one of the largest shire counties in the country, spanning an area of 2,620km2 in size. The total population of the county is about 812,600 with Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) communities representing 2% of the population. Although the majority of the county is classified as rural, there are significant urban areas, in which about 45% of the population reside. The county has a rich landscape ranging from the Staffordshire Moorlands’ hills to the Cannock Chase heathland. It is also renowned for its tourist attractions including Shugborough Hall, Lichfield Cathedral, Xxxxx Towers, Drayton Manor Park, the Peak District National Park and Uttoxeter Racecourse. Cannock Chase District Cannock Chase covers part of Cannock Chase forest and the towns of Cannock, Rugeley and Hednesford. It is 78.88km2 in size and has a population of about 92,800. East Staffordshire Borough East Staffordshire has two main towns, Xxxxxx upon Xxxxx, famous for its breweries, and Uttoxeter, for its racecourse. It is 390km2 in size and has a population of about 106,100. Lichfield District Lichfield District Council is based in the city of Lichfield with the town of Burntwood also making up a major part of the district. It is 331.30km2 in size and has a population of about 94,600. Newcastle under Lyme Borough Newcastle-under-Lyme district is named after its main town of Newcastle-under- Lyme where the council is based, but also includes the town of Kidsgrove, the villages of Silverdale and Keele, and the rural area surrounding Audley. It is 210.96km2 in size and has a population of about 123,000. South Staffordshire Borough The district lies to the north and west of Wolverhampton and the West Midlands, bordering Shropshire to the west and Worcestershire to the south. It contains no towns of major size and many of the settlements within the district are dormitory villages for Wolverhampton, Birmingham and Telford. Its council is based in Codsall, one of the larger settlements in the district, along with Brewood, Xxxxxxx Xxx, Great Wyrley, Kinver, Landywood, Penkridge, Perton and Wombourne. It is 407.32km2 in size and has a population of about 105,300. Xxxxxxxx Borough The Borough is named after and includes the county town of Stafford, it also includes the smaller town of Stone and numerous villages. It is 518.17km2 in size and has a populat...
The Context. 2.1. Why is this FTA different from the rest? The Free Trade Agreement with the United States is different from other trade agreements for two reasons. First, it is a third generation agreement5. Despite their name, third generation bilateral free trade agreements have nothing to do with the trade, nor are they free or do they promote 'freedom’ of exchange in the broadest sense. Third generation free trade agreements, in line with the Chile- USA FTA, are about rules and, above all, the commercial interests of the United States. This agreement therefore regulates the 'rules of the game' which considerably limits the autonomy of public policy. The second reason this treaty is different is because we are dealing with the USA, the only super power, with perhaps the greatest military and economic power of any superpower at any time in history. This means that the commitments established within the FTA will be very difficult to alter, making the agreement a solid and credible commitment in the future. The Free Trade Agreement with the USA involves profound commitments in public policy, which further reduces the ability of the Chilean authorities to modify the current economic development strategy. Therefore, the decision by the current government to accept new restrictions upon its freedom of action in economic policy and international integration, constitute a bet in favor of the status quo, and a commitment with the neoliberal economic model. Therefore the FTA cannot be analyzed without considering the Chilean economic model nor the strategic interests of the United States in the region.
The Context. 2. By virtue of the Sale Agreement the Seller has agreed to sell and the Buyer has agreed to purchase the Property as a going concern
The Context. The format of modern international businesses To make sense of the ‘modern, ambitious’ FTAs and IIAs (International Investment Agreements), it is necessary first to understand how TNCs are organised and being reorganised in the contemporary world of free movement of capital and ‘flexible’ labour markets. At the risk of generalisation, modern international businesses are characterised by some or all of these eight features: 11 xxxxx://xxxx.xxx/XxXX 12 Xx.xxxxxx.xx. (2017). Mexico - Trade - European Commission. [online] Available at: xxxx://xx.xxxxxx.xx/trade/policy/countries-and- regions/countries/mexico/ [Accessed 13 Jun. 2017].
The Context. This Agreement reflects our already significant success in attracting students who will be the first in their families to participate in higher education – well above the national average. It is also based on Roehampton‟s excellent track record in delivering a high quality learning and teaching experience for its students. As confirmed in the QAA Institutional Audit Report of 2007, Roehampton “is adopting a sustained and reflective approach to improving students' learning opportunities, underpinned by well-constructed strategies linked to its overall vision; this is coupled with effective action planning and progress monitoring.”. {NOTE:1 In accordance with the guidance provided by OFFA on 26 October 2010, this Access Agreement replaces the earlier agreement submitted by Roehampton University which covered the period 2009 - 10 to 2010 - 11} Three of the „Features of Good Practice‟ in the 2007 QAA Report were: (i) the progressive development of management information relevant to all levels of activity, from programme annual reviews to the implementation of institutional strategies; (ii) the holistic approach to addressing student retention; (iii) the contribution made by the Graduate School in establishing a community of research students and, in particular, assisting the integration of part-time students. The University‟s Academic Strategy emphasises the importance of diversity, inclusivity and widening participation in higher education. It provides: Diversity “Roehampton University seeks to provide an enriching experience for all its members and is committed to diversity, which is a fundamental element of the Vision of the University. Diversity provides enrichment for all concerned, allowing the exchange of different ideas from diverse groups of staff and students with their particular social and cultural backgrounds and traditions.“ Inclusivity Roehampton University is committed to attracting well qualified undergraduates and postgraduates from all sectors of society. We celebrate the diversity this engenders as a source of learning. We are committed to fair access and to enabling equal opportunities. Recruitment policies are geared to inclusion and attracting excellent students that are able to benefit from the educational experience of Roehampton as defined by their academic potential. Students demonstrate their potential through a wide range of qualification routes… We will continue to support outreach activity in order to raise the aspirations of tho...
