State of Cloud Computing Technologies and Services Sample Clauses

State of Cloud Computing Technologies and Services. Cloud Computing was arguably first popularized in 2006 by Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud, which started offering virtual machines (VMs) for $0.10/hour using both a simple web interface and a programmer-­‐friendly API. Although not the first to propose a utility computing model, Amazon EC2 contributed to popu-­‐ larizing the “Infrastructure as a Service” (IaaS) paradigm, which became closely tied to the notion of Cloud Computing. An IaaS cloud enables on-­‐demand provi-­‐ sioning of computational resources, in the form of VMs deployed in a cloud pro-­‐ vider's datacenter (such as Amazon's), minimizing or even eliminating associ-­‐ ated capital costs for cloud consumers, allowing capacity to be added or removed from their IT infrastructure in order to meet peak or fluctuating service de-­‐ mands, while only paying for the actual capacity used. Over time, an ecosystem of providers, users, and technologies has coalesced around this IaaS cloud model. More IaaS cloud providers, such as GoGrid, FlexiS-­‐ cale, and ElasticHosts have emerged. A growing number of companies base their IT strategy on cloud-­‐based resources, spending little or no capital to manage their own IT infrastructure (see xxxx://xxx.xxxxxx.xxx/solutions/case-­‐ studies/ for several examples). Other providers offer products that facilitate working with IaaS clouds, such as rPath's rBuilder, which allows dynamic cre-­‐ ation of software environments to run on a cloud. In general, a IaaS cloud consists of three main components, namely: a virtualiza-­‐ tion layer on top of the physical resources including network, storage and com-­‐ pute; the virtual infrastructure manager (VIM) that control and monitor the VMs over the distributed set of physical resources; and a cloud interface that provides the users with a simple abstraction to manage VMs. In recent years a constella-­‐ tion of technologies that provide one or more of these components have em-­‐ erged. So, a variety of hypervisors have been developed and greatly improved, most notably KVM, Xen and VMWare. Also several VIM technologies that cover the functionality outlined above have appeared, like Platform VM Orchestrator, VMware DRS, or Ovirt. On the other hand, projects like Globus Nimbus [KFFZ05], Eucalyptus [NuWo08] or OpenNebula [LloMoMo09] (developed by UCM in the context of the XXXXX-­‐ VOIR project), or products like VMware vSphere, that can be termed cloud tool-­‐ kits, can be used to transform existing infrastructure into an IaaS clo...
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