Simple battery model Sample Clauses

Simple battery model. The equivalent circuit of the simple model is presented in Figure 8. The internal resistance of the battery is represented in the circuit by two resistances c and d so as to depict the slight variation of it while charging and discharging. Accordingly, to drive the current through either one or the another resistance, each is integrated in the circuit by a diode. Rc Rd ik yk OCV(zk) Figure 8. Adopted equivalent circuit for modelling a battery. The magnitude of resistances d and c can be obtained by testing the battery or directly from the information provided by the manufacturer. The same applies to the voltage source (t). This voltage source depicts the open circuit voltage of the battery while in rest conditions. The magnitude for this voltage depends on the SOC: the higher the SOC for a battery, the higher the open circuit voltage. At the end, the sum of the voltage (t) and the voltage drop at the internal resistance yields the voltage at the terminals of the battery t, so t = (t) — · t (4) and should be considered as d while discharging; c while charging. Positive current is intended for discharging. To compute this equation, it is necessary to previously calculate (t). This correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the battery and the SOC is usually reflected into a lookup table that can be programmed easily in BMS devices. In turn, the SOC for a battery can be computed using the Coulomb counting method, which can be formulated as, i · Δ t+1 = t —( n )· t (5) where i is the columbic efficiency (usually set as 1 for lithium-ion), Δ the time step for computation, n the rated capacity of the battery in Ah and t the exchanged current, in A, at time step . At the end, t results expressed in per unit values. Through recurrent computation of equations (1) and (2), the BMS calculates the battery voltage and SOC. However, prior implementation of equations in the BMS, the parameters should be calculated. A rough estimation of n and d and c can be obtained from datasheets. To improve the accuracy (and then the performance of the BMS while estimating battery state) an identification procedure should be carried out though. This procedure is based on a test of the battery before its utilization on field. Such identification procedure is depicted in Annex 2.
Sample 1
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