Seismic and Tsunami hazard operational networks Sample Clauses

Seismic and Tsunami hazard operational networks. Deep sea observatories also have the potential to play a key role in the assessment and monitoring of geo-hazards, as many of Earth’s most seismogenic zones and most active volcanoes occur along continental margins plate boundaries like South Europe. Continuous measurements are required with the ability to react quickly to episodic events, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. For geo-hazard mitigation, as the human population continues to grow, the potential social and economic dislocation provoked by natural hazards, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, submarine landslides and tsunamis, has increased. These impacts are especially detrimental to developing nations. The destructive earthquakes and related tsunamis that occurred at the end of 2004 in the Indian Ocean, and that strongly affected Sumatra, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Andaman Islands, Thailand, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, India and the Maldives in terms of lives and economic impact, are only the most recent examples. For estimating earthquake parameters and forecasting the expected height of the oncoming water wave, computer aided tsunami generation models are used. In all areas threatened by tsunami hazards, deep sea observatories developed within ESONET will be equipped with seismometers and high precision, low frequency pressure sensors. Each of these ESONET nodes will represent the base for the implementation of a tsunami early warning system covering the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean areas. The concept of “earthquake early warning systems” has been suggested by Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx (2004) and others, in which the eventual size of an earthquake is estimated from the very beginning of the P-wave, so that an early warning of the damaging ground motion due to the S-wave can be issued. Because a seismic faulting is essentially a shear faulting, the first arriving P-wave is small and seldom causes damage. Taking advantage of this special property of energy radiation from a seismic faulting, it is possible to develop early warning methods which will play an important role in modern societies with large and sophisticated structures. This concept is still in its infancy, but it is definitely worth progressing through ESONET and permanent seafloor monitoring. Deep sea observatories need a real-time communication to on-shore, allowing the integration of their data in the already existing land-based seismic networks to advance a better understanding of plate-tectonic margin behaviour and of importan...
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