San Francisco Bay Area. In 2006, the State of California enacted legislation (i.e., California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006) aiming to achieve the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) to its 1990 level by 2020 (CARB, 2018). The GHGE reduction goal has been updated every five years. The latest goal, approved in 2017, sets a target of 40 percent emissions reductions below 1990 levels by 2030 (CARB, 2018). Strategies for reducing GHGE include increasing share of low carbon fuel vehicles (i.e., biofuels, advanced diesel, natural gas, hydrogen fuel cells, gas-electric hybrids, and electricity plug-ins) and reducing total vehicle miles traveled in California (CARB, 2020a). In order to reduce vehicle miles traveled, shares of alternative modes, such as public transits, bicycles, and walking, need to be increased in major urban areas in California. Because using these modes for transportation increase physical activity participation, increasing transit and active transportation use can also improve public health. Xxxxxxxx et al. (2013) used ITHIM to quantify potential health benefits of different strategies to reduce transport-related GHGE in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. The area is made up of nine counties surrounding the San Francisco Bay with a population of 7.1 million in 2010. The cities of San Francisco, Oakland, and San Xxxx are major employment hubs in the area. The Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) is the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) responsible for transportation planning in the area.
