REVIEW OF LITERATURE Sample Clauses
The 'Review of Literature' clause requires a comprehensive summary and analysis of existing research and publications relevant to the subject matter of a document or project. This clause typically mandates the identification, evaluation, and synthesis of previous studies, theories, and findings to establish the current state of knowledge and highlight gaps or controversies. Its core practical function is to provide context and justification for the current work, ensuring that new research builds upon and contributes to the existing body of knowledge while avoiding unnecessary duplication.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE. Introduction The review of literature for this grant proposal will discuss the current issues as it relates to access to care in Georgia, negative health outcomes that both rural residents and Black mothers experience, similar programs that have been implemented in the US and internationally and how the current global pandemic has impacted this ongoing issue. There are many different forms of literature used for this review of literature. Peer-reviewed journal articles were used because of their validity when it comes to topics addressed. Other non-traditional forms of literature such as new reports, information from consultant groups and government agencies were used to further justify information found from peer-reviewed articles. Some of the topics have not been heavily researched for publication in peer-reviewed articles, so non-traditional forms of literature provide information on certain topics. Literature Review Access to care in rural Georgia counties continues to be an ongoing issue. The Georgia Board of Health Care Workforce (2017) released a report that included the current number of physicians in Georgia counties. The report also includes the counties that do not have practicing physicians based on specialties. Eight of the 159 counties do not have a practicing physician; all of which are rural counties. This same report found that 75 counties do not have a practicing Obstetrics and Gynecologist (OB-GYN). Many counties overlap with not having a family medicine doctor or an OB-GYN including Xxxxxxxxxx, Gaslcock, Truetlen, Talbot, Webster, Quitman, Clay, Atkinson, Echols, Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx. This lack of physicians, in part, is due to the closing of hospitals in these areas. In the past 10 years, Georgia has had 7 hospital closures in rural counties, with 18 more being deemed “vulnerable” for closure (The Chartis Group, 2020). With the closing of hospitals, these rural areas lose physicians, including OB-GYNs.
Figure 1 GA Board of Health Care Workforce, 2017
REVIEW OF LITERATURE. Introduction History of Gifted and Talented Education (GATE)
REVIEW OF LITERATURE. The Oxford English Dictionary attributes two primary meanings to the word “literacy”:
(1) “the quality, condition, or state of being literate; the ability to read and write,” and (2) “the ability to ‘read’ a specified subject or medium; competence or knowledge in a particular area” (Literacy, n.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE. Intercultural premarital couples counseling can be defined as a specific type of systemic therapy aimed at assisting couples that are considering marriage. Interventions help improve our understanding of the interactions of the couple that can influence both the quality and the stability of the premarital or marital relationship.95 Scholarly research in understanding pastoral care and cultural realities in relationships does acknowledge the fact that all relationships are inherently complex. However, dimensions of differences are magnified for intercultural couples and families because they combine more than one distinct cultural reference group, different levels of acculturation, and influences on social location such as family, peers, school, and work.96 To sustain the relationships of intercultural couples it is important to work towards cultural adjustment that helps xxxxxx positive relationship outcomes. This in turn assists in adapting and integrating with others in the areas of cognitive flexibility, improved social competence, acceptance97 increased self-awareness, upward social movement and personal growth.98 There is substantial research on clinical populations that reinforces cultural difference as a source of instability, conflict,99 or dissatisfaction and mental-emotional impairment for couples.100 On the contrary, we find much less research evidence on positive traits and behaviors or actions that bring about an opportunity for transformation.101 Does this mean there is very little room for flourishing in intercultural relationships? There is no 95 X. X. Xxxxxx, X. X. Xxxxxx, X. X. Xxxxxxxx, and X. X. Xxxxxxx, “Assumptions and Methods,” in Premarital Prediction of Marital Quality or Breakup. Edited by X. Xxxxxx (New York: Plenum, 2001), 29-45.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE. Introduction Inpatient Quality and Patient Safety
REVIEW OF LITERATURE. Traumatic Injury Epidemiology 9 Trauma Centers 10 Americans in Custody 12 Health Within Correctional Facilities 13 Injuries Within Correctional Facilities 15 Demographics 17 Patient Transport 18 Injury Characteristics 19 Clinical Findings & Health Characteristics 21 Hospital Outcomes 22 Discussion 23 Conclusions 25 Resources 26 Trauma centers play a vital role in providing emergent care for a wide array of patients, including individuals in the custody of law enforcement. This population represents a vulnerable subset of trauma patients that has the potential to be at risk for disparate care. Though the literature on mortality of persons in police custody continues to grow, less research currently exists on morbidity. The goal of this study was to analyze the interactions of these patients in a single urban trauma center by characterizing their traumatic injuries and comparing a matching population in the same dataset. We hypothesized that the majority of injuries would be the result of blunt force trauma from mechanisms such as assault and that there would not be significant differences between them and the matched population.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE. “We repeat what we don’t repair” (Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxx, 2017). The purpose of this exploratory study is to understand teachers’ perceptions of primary and secondary trauma by examining their personal, professional, and relational impact. It also aims to examine the forms of trauma that educators encounter within their school sites. Trauma has systemic effects on our schools and communities, which are transmitted physically, verbally, nonverbally, emotionally, and mentally (Xxxxxxx & Cox, 2013). Organizations and leadership that lack resilience often perpetuate the trauma cycle (Xxxxxxxx et al., 2011). Thus, identifying organizational and leadership qualities that promote resilience in schools and educators while improving well-being and self-efficacy, may improve teacher retention within K-12 education significantly. To date, the bulk of existing studies about trauma in education have been centered on trauma-informed practices or trauma-sensitive schools and their impact on student learning, achievement, and social-emotional development. Minimal research has been conducted on the impact of primary and secondary trauma on teachers. Xxxxxx et al. (2007) conducted a quantitative study, focusing on 487 French-speaking secondary school teachers from Belgium, randomly selected from 24 secondary Belgium schools and their viewpoints on relationships with colleagues, school leadership, students’ misbehavior, verbal victimization, depression, somatization, perceived violence, anxiety, and professional disengagement. Based on their findings, they argued that negative emotional interactions with students impacted teacher well- being and aided professional disengagement (Xxxxxx et al., 2007). Similarly, Xxxx et al. (2004) focused on workplace violence against K-12 teachers, who are the most common victims of nonfatal workplace attacks, after law enforcement, health care professionals, and individuals employed in retail. Xxxx noted that one in five teachers leave the profession due to a dangerous teaching environment. Xxxxxxx et al. (2007) led a qualitative study specifically focusing on the first and second year, middle school special education teachers, their experience at school sites, job demands, and how these factors influence their choice to leave the education field at startling rates. The authors claimed that compassion fatigue, a form of secondary trauma that can deplete one’s ability to function at an optimum level, could also be associated with K-12 educators (Xxx...
REVIEW OF LITERATURE. This chapter illustrates the literature related to the current study. A number of concepts, theories, models, and relevant information are included in this section, telling connected aspects of the paper. By adopting the grounded theory, the researcher took only some related literature that allows finding out more and adding up the body of knowledge from real fieldwork. Therefore, there are five sections presented as follows:
REVIEW OF LITERATURE. Changes in the alveolar bone dimensions invariably occurs after tooth extraction. During socket healing period, new bone grows into the extraction site while the alveolar ridge is being resorbed. Several studies have demonstrated that the height and width of the alveolar bone has been reduced significantly and immediately after tooth extraction.[5,6,7] Xxxxx et al (1960)[5] in his study, explained the events following extraction When a tooth is removed, there is haemorrhage followed by formation of a blood clot that fills the entire socket. This is an inflammatory reaction that stimulates recruitment of cells to form granulation tissue. Within 48 to 72 hours after extraction the clot starts to breakdown as granulation tissue begins to infiltrate the clot especially at the base of the socket. By four days the epithelium proliferates along the socket periphery and immature connective tissue is apparent. After seven days the granulation tissue has completely infiltrated and replaced the clot. At this stage, osteoid is evident at the base of the socket as uncalcified bone spicules. Over the next 2–3 weeks this begins to mineralize from the base of the socket coronally. This is accompanied by continued re- epithelialization which completely covers the socket by six weeks post-extraction. Further infill of bone takes place with maximum radiographic density at around 100 days. Studies by Xxxxxxxxxx et al (1967)[6] showed that maximum changes in alveolar dimension takes place within 12 months immediately after extraction. Dimensional loss of socket bone hinders dental implant placement and conventional prosthesis. Therefore, in order to maintain the alveolar ridge dimensions, it is essential to perform socket preservation procedures after tooth extraction, which can be done by placing grafting materials in the extraction socket as a framework for bone deposition. Xxxxxxx et al (2003)[7] in his study, showed Healing of an extraction socket is characterized by internal changes that leads to formation of bone within the socket, and external changes that leads to loss of alveolar ridge width and height. Xxxxxxx et al (2003)[8] studied the effect of a single tooth extraction of premolar or molar teeth on bone healing and soft tissue changes using clinical and radiographic measurements as well as digital subtraction radiography. They showed that the major changes take place in the 12 months following an extraction with an average of 50 per cent reduction in the width of...
REVIEW OF LITERATURE. There has been an emerging amount of research that employs textual variables to study the effect of the central bank’s communication. As mentioned in Haan et al. (2007), central banks affect the overall economy primarily through influencing the market expectations of the future path of core variables, such as overnight interest rates. Therefore, communication through the press releases or official publications helps central banks to achieve their goals. Textual analysis has also quickly developed into one of the heated research topics for economists due to the following two reasons: communication is a direct way to influence expectations, and thus the overall economy can be affected; communication is used to reduce uncertainties in financial markets and increase transparency (Haan et al. 2007). In a similar scope of interest, Xxxxxx et al. (2016) measure the effects of FOMC information delivery and its potential guided directions of daily movements on both short-term and medium-term interest rate. Based on the empirical results derived from the study, Xxxxxx et al. (2016) obtain 93% and 64% of accuracies when predicting the target federal funds rate and effective rate respectively. Most academic literature utilizes text mining techniques to quantitatively account for the central bank’s communication, which has been demonstrated to be one of the most essential factors that influence the markets and macroeconomic variables. For example, Xxxxx and Trebbi (2009) present an objective scoring technique that measures the content of the central bank’s communication through analyzing the FOMC statements starting in 1999 to capture future interest rate decisions. The study concludes that the content of the statements and the changes in communication measured by semantic scores are significant in determining longer-term nominal yields (Lucca and Trebbi 2009). The FOMC statements are also proved to contain important information about both the predicted and the residual component of policy rate decisions. The importance of textual variables and semantic measures are analyzed not only through the FOMC statements, but also through the official press releases from other major central banks. For example, Xxxxxxxx (2017) employs dictionary-based measures and the Wordscore algorithm to investigate whether these sentiment measures have a direct implication on the direction of Bank of Israel’s future monetary policy. She discovers that incorporating these sentiment measures, a...