Research Instruments. In-depth Interviews 14 Key Informant Interview Guide for Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST) and Teachers’ Service Commission (TSC) Officials 14 In-Depth Interview Guide for Life Skills Education Teachers 16 In-Depth Interview for HOPE Program Global Communities and Partners Leaders 17 In-Depth Interview for HOPE Program Partners and Global Communities Staff 19 In-Depth Interview for Community Leaders (religious leaders, chiefs etc) 21 Annex VII: Research Instruments: Survey Instruments (Questionnaires) 22 Individual HOPE-KAP Survey Questionnaire for Primary School Pupils 22 (Class 5, 6, 7 and 8) 22 Individual HOPE-KAP Survey Questionnaire for Secondary School Students 34 (Form 2, 3 and 4) 34 Individual HOPE-KAP Survey Questionnaire for Teachers 48
Research Instruments. Survey and Interviews We will also make use of the survey that same thing as the observation it is directed to gather several people's information, through the written interrogation, a questionnaire. The place to apply this technique will be the classrooms, where the teachers, to know the role that audiovisual resource play in the teaching-learning of a foreign language, they must apply them and will develop it. Finally, to complete the information we will perform an interview that provides us information as the two previous techniques, with the difference that is in oral form; obviously because most people prefer to speak before to write. As long as, when applying this technique, it will go aimed both to the students and teachers of the institution about the importance of the audiovisual resources in the development of the hour-class; same way it will investigate on the advantages of having a laboratory endowed with the adequate technological tools for the teaching of ENGLISH language. So, this is the survey we did to the students:
Research Instruments. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews guides were developed to address questions relating to the following themes: child needs, pre- natal care, ante-natal care, post-natal care, child development, services and responsibilities of anganwadi centers and workers, and livelihood options available. The questions for the tools were informed by a thorough literature review and assistance from staff at CARE India and USA, and validated by experts. The questions developed were open-ended, to illicit more information on the community’s perceptions surrounding the specified topics. In addition, the questions were developed in English, then translated into Hindi. Once translated, the Hindi versions of the tools needed considerable refinement. The tools had to be brought to the level at which the Hindi could be understood by the field investigators and further implemented in the field. CARE field staff and a consultant hired by CARE India did refinement of the tools. Separate focus group discussion guides were developed for each of the targeted groups with the exception of fathers and father-in-laws, for whom the same guide was used.
Research Instruments. A. The APPLICANT agrees to submit to the SDUSD REPRESENTATIVE for review and approval, at least two weeks prior to administration, all surveys, interviews, assessments, or focus group activities that impact SDUSD staff or students.
Research Instruments. The research team created study flyers that included a link to the confidential electronic and were approved by Emory IRB. The flyer and link to the quantitative screener were distributed through Georgia maternal health professional organizations, healthcare networks, academic institutions with nursing and medical programs as well as maternal and infant health programs and coalitions. Due to a poor response rate from distributing the advertisement flyer and screener advertisement, a Facebook and Instagram ad paid for by the Emory Global Health Institute was used to disseminate the survey more directly to the specific population. The survey was kept open for two months before being closed due to a high response rate. These screeners were then self-administered using a link to Xxxxx XXXXxx, a secure, internally hosted, browser-based research data management system that held this confidential information. The confidential screener began with a question to gain consent to participate in the study and then had 22 demographic, pregnancy, and telehealth use related questions that took about 5-10 minutes for the survey respondent to complete. Using REDCap and Excel, respondents to the screener survey who met the eligibility criteria were chosen by the research team and then contacted through phone for a follow- up in-depth interview. The interviewers went through a training on data collection for in- depth interviews with participants semi-structured completed over Zoom. Zoom was the chosen platform to record the interviews as well as mitigate any COVID-19 risks to participants or interviewers by partaking in the study. First, the interviewer received verbal consent using the consent forms already approved by IRB, that were then stored in the project EmoryBox folder, which holds sensitive data securely. The patients were interviewed for a duration of 30 minutes to 1.5 hours. The interviews were conducted over a six-month interval by the research team with the majority conducted in August and September 2020 (82% within these two months), two interviews conducted in October, and one interview conducted in January 2021. After each interview, a memo was created on the interview by the interviewer, the audio- recording was uploaded, and interview notes were uploaded to the password protected project EmoryBox Folder.
Research Instruments. This figure shows an overview of the instruments the researcher used during both phases of the research, qualitative and quantitative, that provided information to respond to the questions leading this study. Strategies for Validity and Reliability Validity and reliability are essential aspects of all research to ensure the findings are credible and trustworthy. In any study, reliability and validity are imperative to avoid subjectivity in collecting and interpreting data. As defined by Xxxxx (1993), reliability is concerned with the consistency, stability, and repeatability of the informant's accounts and the investigators' ability to collect and record information accurately. On the other hand, validity, according to Xxxxxxx (2013), refers to the "correctness or credibility of a description, conclusion, explanation, interpretation, or another sort of account" (p. 21). In other words, reliability requires that a researcher obtain the same or comparable results every time the same method is used on the same comparable subjects. Validity is linked to the accuracy and truthfulness of scientific findings. More importantly, defining these two concepts for research identifies and deals with potential threats to reliability and validity. As Xxxxxxx (2013) states, such threats are unavoidable, but we must acknowledge them in our study's proposal in order to create valid and reliable research.
Research Instruments. Survey. The survey instrument was developed by the principal investigator and was administered through Qualtrics. The survey was designed to reflect gaps in current literature on mental health wellness issues in South Asian populations. From the literature gaps were identified, these gaps were developed into a conceptual framework, and from there developed into questions by determining objectives and indicators. The survey consisted of total 55 questions (Appendix D). Forty questions collected information on the participant’s demographic characteristics, their general health status and mental health wellness status, factors surrounding their mental health wellness, their perception of mental health wellness, and their access to mental health wellness resources. For Q2.3
Research Instruments. A semi-structured interview guide was used to discuss two main topic areas: perceptions of Xxxx virus and sexual and reproductive health practices and beliefs both prior to and in the wake of the Xxxx virus outbreak. Interview guides were written in Portuguese and reviewed for grammatical accuracy and colloquially relevant phrasing by a Ph.D. student and professor at USP who were both native Portuguese speakers. The interview guide was then pilot tested and questions were refined for better clarity prior to data collection.
Research Instruments. Survey and Interviews Survey: To obtain information through the interrogation, I did a questionnaire to be answered for the students of Ninth Grade of Basic Education at ―El Triunfo‖ High School. For the investigation I will use descriptive statistic; it will help us to determine what the situations are that difficult the process of learning of the English language at ―El Triunfo‖ High School´s students of the Ninth Grade of Basic Education. All this will allow us to describe and summarize the observations that are made about the study of investigations starting from the suitable sample. Also, to complete the information with teachers and principal I will do an interview that provides me information same as the two previous techniques. As long as, when applying this technique, it will go directed so much to the students as to the teacher about the importance of the audiovisual resources in the development of the hour-class; at the same time I will investigate the advantages of having a laboratory endowed with the technological tools for the teaching of English language.
Research Instruments. The research instrument was a question- naire consisting of two parts: 1) Demographic data form, which was developed by the research- er and comprised age, gender, marital status, education level, employment status, years of work experience, work department, the purpose of employment, and salary, and 2) the PCI de- veloped by Xxxxxxxx (2000), which consists of four subscales. Subscale I: organization obliga- tions to the employee, it contains three dimen- sions (i.e. balanced, relational, transactional contract). Subscale II: employee obligation to the organization, it contains three dimensions (i.e. balanced, relational, transactional contract). Subscale III: PC transition. Subscale IV: PC fulfill- ment, it contains two dimensions (i.e. employee PC fulfillment and employer PC fulfillment). All 72 items used a 5- point Likert-type scale re- sponse format ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (to a great extent). The author received the PCI permission letter of Xxxxxxxx by email. Since the English is not the mother tongue of Chinese, PCI was translated from English to Chinese with- out modification by the researcher by using the Back-Translation method. The questionnaire was previously used with a reported acceptable validity value (Xxxxxxxx, 2000). So, the validity of the instrument was not tested in this study. The internal consistency was tested with ten nurses in one of the university hospitals. Cron- bach’s alpha coefficient of subscale I, II, III, and IV was .94, .92, .96 and .83, respectively. Ethical Considerations The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Nursing, and Chiang Mai University, Thailand (2018-EXP017). The study was harm to the participants. The researcher met the director of the nursing department of each of the three university hospitals to explain the purpose and the benefits of the study then received permission to collect data. Voluntary participation was assured through a consent form, and partici- pants were required to return the sealed ques- tionnaires in the designated box. Anonymity and confidentiality of all the information was main- tained by using numerical codes in the ques- tionnaires instead of using the real names of the participants. Data Analysis Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 13.0) was used for data analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used, alpha significance was set at a level of 0.05. Demographic data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, the m...
