Programming Language. For efficiency of description, we describe our static CCC on the following minimal programming language. Note that our static CCC supports Java programs, and we later describe Java-specific issues. z ∈ Z x ∈ Variable E ∈ Expression Stmt ∈ Statement p ∈ Procedure-Name E ::= z | x | Eb Eb ::= true | false | E==E | E > E | !Eb | Eb && Eb | Eb || Eb | call p(E) Stmt ::= x=E | return x | Stmt; Stmt | if Eb then Stmt else Stmt | while Eb do Stmt Our minimal language is a typical imperative procedural language that can manipu- late integers and booleans. Pointers are not part of our minimal language. However, our language supports a procedure call with a call expression, call p(E). Expression call p(E) ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, Vol. 24, No. 3, Article 18, Pub. date: May 2015.
Programming Language. For efficiency of description, we describe our static CCC on the following minimal programming language. Note that our static CCC supports Java programs, and we later describe Java-specific issues. z e Z x e Variable E e Expression Stmt e Statement p e Procedure-Name E ::= z | x | Eb Eb ::= true | false | E==E | E > E | !Eb | Eb && Eb | Eb || Eb | call p(E) Stmt ::= x=E | return x | Stmt; Stmt | if Eb then Stmt else Stmt | while Eb do Stmt Our minimal language is a typical imperative procedural language that can manipu- late integers and booleans. Pointers are not part of our minimal language. However, our language supports a procedure call with a call expression, call p(E). Expression call p(E) ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, Vol. 24, No. 3, Article 18, Pub. date: May 2015. Software Change Contracts 18:23 Fig. 9. The high-level structure of a composed program (CP). invokes procedure p with call-by-value semantics, and returns a value of the ending return statement of p. To further simplify discourse, we assume that (1) a procedure takes only one argu- ment, (2) a procedure always returns a return value, (3) there are no global variables, and (4) a procedure call is deterministic and side-effect-free. These artificial assump- tions are only for simplicity, and they are unnecessary for supporting static CCC. In Section 7.7, we describe how we handle the extended features of the Java programming language such as throwing exceptions and modifying fields.
Programming Language. Spring 1.2 Open source web application framework.
Programming Language. Java We use the Java programming language as it is currently one of the most widely supported languages, while still providing the scalability and security required for modern business applications. Java also has one of the largest selection of libraries which means there are tools available to do many of the tasks that are not available in other languages.
Programming Language. There is a wide variety of programming language available today. Older and more robust ones like C / C++ and newer ones like C#, NodeJS, Go which provides better solutions for today’s coding problems (async, multi-threading, heavy network communications). There is no good or bad programming language, but some are better than others when facing specific challenges. With a monolithic approach, the developer chooses only one programming language which is used exclusively in the whole software package. Another hallmark of monolithic approaches is that all is contained in one software package. In polyglot programming the developer has the freedom to write different parts of the software in different languages. This way the developer can leverage most of the benefits of each language. A danger of polyglot approaches is that the codebase becomes fragmented in many different languages and requires a variety of skillsets to maintain. In the Prime-VR2 project we choose polyglot approach but limit the number of languages to a small set: C#, NodeJS. For certain heavy data and network traffic handling, using the language Go language is proposed. C# is developed and maintained by Microsoft. Because it’s wide adoption in education it’s easy to find a C# developer in any seniority level. Also the chosen game engine, Unity3D using C# as its main programming language. NodeJS is a free, open-source language built on top of Javascript. One of the ideas behind the language is to reuse the front-end web knowledge when developing the backend. Most of the web programmers know how to code in Javascript. This makes it easier to find developers and maintain the code base. Javascript also has a huge online community, which makes finding answers and solutions easy. Go is an open source, compiled and statically typed programming language developed and maintained by Google. The main goal is to reach the C++ performance but without the difficulties what C++ could mean. Go is only a few years old language but it is gaining popularity. It is offering a simple syntax, a fast compiler and supports concurrent programming from the very beginning.
