Concluding Remarks This chapter explored whether multiple concepts related to slot coordination offer scope for finding solutions for the specific issues experienced at super-congested airports relating to this dissertation’s research questions, primarily in the field of reflecting the public value associated with slots in coordination decisions and safeguarding airport access for the purposes of a competitive air transport market safeguarded by EU Regulation 1008/2008. The concepts discussed include the debate on who holds the legal title to a slot, the functionally and financially independent coordinator, the application of the new entrant rule, the implementation of a secondary market for slots and the relationship between the allocation of slots and competition law. In my view, slots are allocated to airlines as entitlements to use available infrastructure, subject to conditions such as utilization thresholds or allocation criteria. Indeed, they represent relevant operational, economic, legal and social interests and functions.1342 Inter alia, according to the Commission, slots are “critical inputs” for any entrant wishing to operate or expand services.1343 Although airlines, airports and governments alike have claimed they should be regarded as the legal owners of slots,1344 they cannot, in my view, be identified as property rights. At super-congested airports in particular, slots are valuable concepts to society at large as they safeguard public functions such as connectivity and airport access, as discussed in Chapter 2, sections 2.3 and 2.4. Accordingly, Chapter 6 recommends that the coordinator should ensure that scarce slots are declared, allocated and used in a way that is reflective of these public functions. Solving the debate on slot ownership by clarifying that slots are essentially public goods could contribute to making this recommendation work. Furthermore, a future slot regime should be cognizant of the shifted role of the coordinator from performing merely technical functions to that of a policymaker, so to say. At super-congested airports, slot allocation ultimately comes down to making decisions which airlines can and cannot operate to and from an airport.1345 With slot scarcity levels and the risk of judicial reviews of allocation decisions rising, coordinators play an increasingly important role in the correct application of the slot allocation rules. After all, airlines are all in the same ‘game’ for the last available slot pair and the coordinator continuously has to make trade-offs between competing slot requests. Though the coordinator has been delegated public functions, by no means was the slot coordinator intended to perform the task of policy making. Arguably, the coordinator has been handed a role it was never intended to perform.1346 In a constrained environment where the overall number of slots is largely fixed and there is no outlook for capacity increases, the possibilities for airlines to start or expand services requires incumbent airlines to exit or downscale their services at a particular airport.1347 Given the high value of slots at super-congested airports, it is unlikely that airlines will simply hand back the slots they hold to the coordinator, even in times of economic downturn. Instead, they may capitalize the slots they hold to pay off creditors in case of a bankruptcy or insolvency, or they may engage in slot transfers or lease agreements, as discussed in sections 5.3 and 5.6 above. Hence, airport access becomes foreclosed in its entirety to airlines wanting to expand or 1342 See European Commission, supra note 54, paragraph 11. 1343 See Case M.3770 – Lufthansa/Swiss, supra note 274, paragraph 27. 1344 See Abeyratne, supra note 55, at 36; Xxxx XxxXxxxxx, supra note 63, at 2-2. 1345 See ICAO, supra note 256. 1346 See Xxxxxx et al., supra note 18, at 9. 1347 See Xxxx XxxXxxxxx(II), supra note 113, at 111. start operations at super-congested airports with no slots freely available, or at peak times at other congested airports.
Opening of Bids a) The Bids shall be opened by the bid opening & evaluation committee on the date and time mentioned in the NIB in the presence of the bidders or their authorised representatives who choose to be present.
Opening an Account Stripe may use information that you provide to Stripe and its Affiliates about a Connected Account to (a) determine the Connected Account’s eligibility to be a Stripe Issuing Accountholder; (b) administer the Stripe Issuing Program; and (c) monitor each Stripe Issuing Accountholder’s Principal Owners, Stripe Issuing Administrators, Card Authorised Users, representatives, and individuals with significant responsibility for management, including executives and senior managers, for the purpose of meeting Stripe’s obligations under Law. Stripe may reject any Connected Account application for, and terminate any Stripe Issuing Accountholder’s access to, the Stripe Issuing Services immediately if any Connected Account, Stripe Issuing Accountholder, Principal Owner, Stripe Issuing Administrator, Card Authorised User, representative, or individual with significant responsibility for management is or becomes a High-Risk Person or uses the Stripe Issuing Program for a Card Unauthorised Purpose.
Opening hours The restaurant must inform Xxxxxx Xxx Ltd of its hours of operation (the “Opening Hours”), and of any changes to such Opening Hours. If the hours of operation are stated on the menu, Xxxxxx Xxx Ltd shall be entitles to treat these as the Opening Hours unless the Restaurant informs Xxxxxx Xxx Ltd otherwise.
Opening of Tenders 2.20.1The Procuring entity will open all tenders in the presence of tenderers’ representatives who choose to attend, on Friday 6th August 2021 at 10:00 am EAT and in the location specified in the Invitation to Tender. The tenderers’ representatives who are present shall sign a register evidencing their attendance.
ACADEMY OPENING DATE 11) The Academy shall open as a school on 1 April 2011 replacing Xxxxxxx School which shall cease to be maintained by the Local Authority on that date, which date shall be the conversion date within the meaning of the Academies Xxx 0000.
Opening of Tender The tenderer is at liberty either himself or authorize not more than one representative to be present at the opening of the tender. The representative attending the opening of the tender on behalf of the tender should bring with him a letter of authority from the tenderer and proof of identification.
Opening Negotiations 4.2.1 Between April 1 and April 30 of each ensuing year, either the Association or the Board shall submit a written request for negotiations to commence to the other party, if it desires there to be negotiations for that year. If no such request is made during the time period above, negotiations will not take place for the ensuing year.
Payment on Change of Control In the event that a Change of Control of the Company occurs while this Note remains outstanding, upon the written consent of the Majority Holders, the Company shall pay to the Holder at the closing of such Change of Control a cash amount equal to three (3) times the outstanding principal amount of such Note, together with all interest accrued thereon. A “Change of Control” means: (i) a merger or consolidation of the Company (or of a subsidiary of the Company) in which outstanding shares of the Company (or of a subsidiary of the Company) are exchanged for securities or other consideration issued, or caused to be issued, by the acquiring corporation or its subsidiary and after which the Company’s stockholders own less than 50% of the voting stock of the surviving company (other than a bona fide equity financing or a mere reincorporation transaction), (ii) a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (iii) a transfer of more than 50% of the Company’s voting securities to any person or group of persons or (iv) any Deemed Liquidation Event, as such term is defined in the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended from time to time. For the avoidance of doubt, if this Note is converted pursuant to Section 2(b), Holder shall not be entitled to any payment pursuant to this Section 3.
SPECIAL REMARKS There are no adjustments in the fiscal year 2021-22 Cost Allocation Plan. SECTION IV: ACCEPTANCE COUNTY OF SACRAMENTO BY Original signed by Xxx Xxxxxx Name Director of Finance Title 04-29-2021 Date XXXXX X. XXX CALIFORNIA STATE CONTROLLER BY Original signed by XXXXXXX XXXXX, Manager Local Government Policy Section Local Govt Programs & Services Division 04-30-2021 Date Negotiated by Xxxx Xxxx Telephone (000) 000-0000
