Common use of November 2001 Clause in Contracts

November 2001. It expands the scope of application to non-international armed conflicts. The amended convention entered into force on 18 May 2004. Protocol I prohibits the use of weapons intended to injure by fragments which are not detectable in the human body by X-rays. Protocol II prohibits or restricts the use of mines, booby-traps and other devices. Amended Protocol II, which entered into force on 3 December 1998, reinforces the constraints regarding anti-personnel mines. Protocol III restricts the use of incendiary weapons. Protocol IV, which entered into force on 30 July 1998, prohibits the employ- ment of laser weapons specifically designed to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision. Protocol V, which entered into force on 12 November 2006, recognizes the need for measures of a generic nature to minimize the risks and effects of explosive remnants of war. Parties to the original convention and protocols (119): Albania, Antigua and Barbuda1, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin2, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi4, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile2, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus*, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia2, Finland, France*, Gabon2, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel*1, Italy*, Jamaica2, Japan, Jordan2, Kazakhstan2, Korea (South)3, Kuwait2, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania2, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives2, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco3, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco4, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua2, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru2, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar2, Romania*, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines1, Saudi Arabia2, Senegal5, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone2, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey*3, Turkmenistan1, Uganda, UK*, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates2, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. 1 Party only to 1981 protocols I and II. 2 Party only to 1981 protocols I and III. 3 Party only to 1981 Protocol I. 4 Party only to 1981 Protocol II. 5 Party only to 1981 Protocol III. Signed but not ratified the original convention and protocols (5): Afghanistan, Egypt, Nigeria, Sudan, Viet Nam Parties to the amended convention and original protocols (81): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Korea (South), Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Mexico*, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Amended Protocol II (102): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus*, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark*, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland*, France*, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary*, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Korea (South)*, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan*, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UK*, Ukraine*, Uruguay, USA*, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol IV (104): Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia*, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea- Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland*, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden*, Switzerland*, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, UK*, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol V (87): Albania, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Korea (South), Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand*, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA*, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Convention and protocol texts (original and amendments): United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/> Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention, CWC)

November 2001. It expands the scope of application to non-international armed conflictsconflicts. The amended convention entered into force on 18 May 2004. Protocol I prohibits the use of weapons intended to injure by fragments which are not detectable in the human body by X-rays. Protocol II prohibits or restricts the use of mines, booby-traps and other devices. Amended Protocol II, which entered into force on 3 December 1998, reinforces the constraints regarding anti-personnel mineslandmines. Protocol III restricts the use of incendiary weapons. Protocol IV, which entered into force on 30 July 1998, prohibits the employ- ment of laser weapons specifically specifically designed to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision. Protocol V, which entered into force on 12 November 2006, recognizes the need for measures of a generic nature to minimize the risks and effects of explosive remnants of war. Parties to the original convention and protocols (119108): Albania, Antigua and Barbuda1, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin2Benin1, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi4, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile2Cape Verde, Chile1, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus*, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia2Estonia1, Finland, France*, Gabon2Gabon1, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel*1Israel*2, Italy*, Jamaica2, Japan, Jordan2, Kazakhstan2Jordan1, Korea (South)3, Kuwait2, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania2Lithuania1, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives2Maldives1, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco3, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco4, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua2Nicaragua1, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru2Peru1, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar2, Romania*, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines1, Saudi Arabia2Arabia1, Senegal5, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone2Leone1, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey*3, Turkmenistan1Turkmenistan2, Uganda, UK*, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates2, Uruguay, USA*USA*2, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Zambia Venezuela * With reservation and/or declaration. 1 Party only to 1981 protocols Protocols I and IIIII. 2 Party only to 1981 protocols Protocols I and IIIII. 3 Party only to 1981 Protocol I. 4 Party only to 1981 Protocol II. 5 Party only to 1981 Protocol III. Signed but not ratified ratified the original convention and protocols (5): protocols: Afghanistan, Egypt, Nigeria, Sudan, Viet Nam Parties to the amended convention and original protocols (8164): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Korea (South), Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Mexico*, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA, Zambia Ukraine * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Amended Protocol II (10292): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus*, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark*, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland*, France*, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary*, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Korea (South)*, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan*, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UK*, Ukraine*, Uruguay, USA*, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Venezuela Parties to Protocol IV (10493): Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia*, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea- Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland*, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden*, Switzerland*, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, UK*, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol V (8751): Albania, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Korea (South), Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand*, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA*, Zambia Uruguay * With reservation and/or declaration. Convention and protocol texts (original and amendments): United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/xxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/Pages/CTCTreaties.aspx?id=26> Convention South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Rarotonga) Opened for signature at Rarotonga on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention, CWC)6 August 1985; entered into force on

November 2001. It expands the scope of application to non-international armed conflicts. The amended convention entered into force on 18 May 2004. Protocol I prohibits the use of weapons intended to injure by using fragments which that are not detectable in the human body by X-rays. Protocol II prohibits or restricts the use of mines, booby-traps and other devices. Amended Protocol II, which entered into force on 3 December 1998, reinforces the constraints regarding anti-personnel mines. Protocol III restricts the use of incendiary weapons. Protocol IV, which entered into force on 30 July 1998, prohibits the employ- ment of laser weapons specifically designed to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision. Protocol V, which entered into force on 12 November 2006, recognizes the need for measures of a generic nature to minimize the risks and effects of explosive explo- sive remnants of war. Parties to the original convention and protocols (119125): Afghanistan2, Algeria2, Albania, Antigua and Barbuda1, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bahrain5, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin2, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi4, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile2, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire4, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus*, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia2, Finland, France*, Gabon2, Georgia, Germany, Greece, GrenadaGrenada2, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel*1, Italy*, Jamaica2, Japan, Jordan2, Kazakhstan2, Korea (South)3, Kuwait2, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon2, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania2, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives2, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco3, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco4, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua2, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine2, Panama, Paraguay, Peru2, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar2, Romania*, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines1, Saudi Arabia2, Senegal5, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone2, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey*3, Turkmenistan1, Uganda, UK*, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates2, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. 1 Party only to 1981 protocols I and II. 2 Party only to 1981 protocols I and III. 3 Party only to 1981 Protocol I. 4 Party only to 1981 Protocol II. 5 Party only to 1981 Protocol III. Signed but not ratified the original convention and protocols (5): Afghanistan, Egypt, Nigeria, Sudan, Viet Nam Parties to the amended convention and original protocols (81): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Korea (South), Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Mexico*, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Amended Protocol II (102): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus*, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark*, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland*, France*, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary*, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Korea (South)*, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan*, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UK*, Ukraine*, Uruguay, USA*, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol IV (104): Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia*, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea- Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland*, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden*, Switzerland*, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, UK*, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol V (87): Albania, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Korea (South), Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand*, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA*, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Convention and protocol texts (original and amendments): United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/> Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention, CWC).

November 2001. It expands the scope of application to non-international armed conflictsconflicts. The amended convention entered into force on 18 May 2004. Protocol I prohibits the use of weapons intended to injure by fragments which are not detectable in the human body by X-rays. Protocol II prohibits or restricts the use of mines, booby-traps and other devices. Amended Protocol II, which entered into force on 3 December 1998, reinforces the constraints regarding anti-personnel mines. Protocol III restricts the use of incendiary weapons. Protocol IV, which entered into force on 30 July 1998, prohibits the employ- ment of laser weapons specifically specifically designed to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision. Protocol V, which entered into force on 12 November 2006, recognizes the need for measures of a generic nature to minimize the risks and effects of explosive remnants of war. Parties to the original convention and protocols (119114): Albania, Antigua and Barbuda1Barbuda, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin2Benin1, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi4, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile2Cape Verde, Chile1, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus*, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia2Estonia1, Finland, France*, Gabon2Gabon1, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel*1Israel*2, Italy*, Jamaica2Jamaica1, Japan, Jordan2Jordan1, Kazakhstan2Kazakhstan1, Korea (South)3, Kuwait2, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania2Lithuania1, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives2Maldives1, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco3, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco4, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua2Nicaragua1, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru2Peru1, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar2Qatar1, Romania*, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines1Grenadines, Saudi Arabia2Arabia1, Senegal5, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone2Leone1, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey*3, Turkmenistan1Turkmenistan2, Uganda, UK*, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates2Emirates1, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Zambia Venezuela * With reservation and/or declaration. 1 Party only to 1981 protocols I and IIIII. 2 Party only to 1981 protocols I and IIIII. 3 Party only to 1981 Protocol I. 4 Party only to 1981 Protocol II. 5 Party only to 1981 Protocol III. Signed but not ratified ratified the original convention and protocols (5): Afghanistan, Egypt, Nigeria, Sudan, Viet Nam Parties to the amended convention and original protocols (8175): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Korea (South), Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Mexico*, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. USA Parties to Amended Protocol II (10296): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus*, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark*, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland*, France*, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary*, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Korea (South)*, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan*, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UK*, Ukraine*, Uruguay, USA*, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Venezuela Parties to Protocol IV (104100): Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia*, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea- Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland*, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden*, Switzerland*, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, UK*, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol V (8772): Albania, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Korea (South), Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand*, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA*, Zambia * * With reservation and/or declaration. Convention and protocol texts (original and amendments): United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/xxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/Pages/CTCTreaties.aspx?id=26> Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention, CWC)

November 2001. It expands the scope of application to non-international in- ternational armed conflicts. The amended convention entered into force on 18 May 2004. Protocol I prohibits the use of weapons intended to injure by fragments which are not detectable in the human body by X-rays. Protocol II prohibits or restricts the use of mines, booby-traps and other devicesde- vices. Amended Protocol II, which entered into force on 3 December 1998, reinforces the constraints regarding anti-personnel mines. Protocol III restricts the use of incendiary weapons. Protocol IV, which entered into force on 30 July 1998, prohibits the employ- ment of laser weapons specifically designed to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision. Protocol V, which entered into force on 12 November 2006, recognizes the need for measures of a generic nature to minimize the risks and effects of explosive ex- plosive remnants of war. Parties to the original convention and protocols (119123): Algeria2, Albania, Antigua and Barbuda1, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bahrain5, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin2, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi4, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile2, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire5, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus*, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia2, Finland, France*, Gabon2, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel*1, Italy*, Jamaica2, Japan, Jordan2, Kazakhstan2, Korea (South)3, Kuwait2, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania2, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives2, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco3, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco4, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua2, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine2, Panama, Paraguay, Peru2, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar2, Romania*, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines1, Saudi Arabia2, Senegal5, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone2, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey*3, Turkmenistan1, Uganda, UK*, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates2, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. 1 Party only to 1981 protocols I and II. 2 Party only to 1981 protocols I and III. 3 Party only to 1981 Protocol I. 4 Party only to 1981 Protocol II. 5 Party only to 1981 Protocol III. Signed but not ratified the original convention and protocols (5): Afghanistan, Egypt, Nigeria, Sudan, Viet Nam Parties to the amended convention and original protocols (81): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Korea (South), Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Mexico*, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Amended Protocol II (102): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus*, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark*, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland*, France*, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary*, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Korea (South)*, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan*, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UK*, Ukraine*, Uruguay, USA*, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol IV (104): Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia*, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea- Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland*, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden*, Switzerland*, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, UK*, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol V (87): Albania, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Korea (South), Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand*, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA*, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Convention and protocol texts (original and amendments): United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/> Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention, CWC).

November 2001. It expands the scope of application to non-international armed conflictsconflicts. The amended convention entered into force on 18 May 2004. Protocol I prohibits the use of weapons intended to injure by fragments which are not detectable in the human body by X-rays. Protocol II prohibits or restricts the use of mines, booby-traps and other devices. Amended Protocol II, which entered into force on 3 December 1998, reinforces the constraints regarding anti-personnel mines. Protocol III restricts the use of incendiary weapons. Protocol IV, which entered into force on 30 July 1998, prohibits the employ- ment of laser weapons specifically specifically designed to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision. Protocol V, which entered into force on 12 November 2006, recognizes the need for measures of a generic nature to minimize the risks and effects of explosive remnants of war. Parties to the original convention and protocols (119111): Albania, Antigua and Barbuda1, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin2Benin1, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi4, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile2Cape Verde, Chile1, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus*, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia2Estonia1, Finland, France*, Gabon2Gabon1, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel*1Israel*2, Italy*, Jamaica2Jamaica1, Japan, Jordan2Jordan1, Kazakhstan2Kazakhstan1, Korea (South)3, Kuwait2, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania2Lithuania1, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives2Maldives1, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco3, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco4, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua2Nicaragua1, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru2Peru1, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar2Qatar1, Romania*, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines1, Saudi Arabia2Arabia1, Senegal5, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone2Leone1, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey*3, Turkmenistan1Turkmenistan2, Uganda, UK*, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates2Emirates1, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Zambia Venezuela * With reservation and/or declaration. 1 Party only to 1981 protocols Protocols I and IIIII. 2 Party only to 1981 protocols Protocols I and IIIII. 3 Party only to 1981 Protocol I. 4 Party only to 1981 Protocol II. 5 Party only to 1981 Protocol III. Signed but not ratified ratified the original convention and protocols (5): Afghanistan, Egypt, Nigeria, Sudan, Viet Nam Parties to the amended convention and original protocols (8172): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Korea (South), Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Mexico*, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA, Zambia USA * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Amended Protocol II (10293): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus*, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark*, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland*, France*, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary*, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Korea (South)*, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan*, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UK*, Ukraine*, Uruguay, USA*, Venezuela, Zambia Venezuela * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol IV (10496): Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia*, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea- Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland*, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden*, Switzerland*, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, UK*, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol V (8762): Albania, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Korea (South), Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand*, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA*, Zambia * * With reservation and/or declaration. Convention and protocol texts (original and amendments): United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/xxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/Pages/CTCTreaties.aspx?id=26> Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention, CWC)

November 2001. It expands the scope of application to non-non- international armed conflicts. The amended convention entered into force on 18 May 2004. Protocol I prohibits the use of weapons intended to injure by using fragments which that are not detectable in the human body by X-rays. Protocol II prohibits or restricts the use of mines, booby-traps and other devices. Amended Protocol II, which entered into force on 3 December 1998, reinforces the constraints regarding anti-personnel mines. Protocol III restricts the use of incendiary weapons. Protocol IV, which entered into force on 30 July 1998, prohibits the employ- ment of laser weapons specifically designed to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision. Protocol V, which entered into force on 12 November 2006, recognizes the need for measures of a generic nature to minimize the risks and effects of explosive explo- sive remnants of war. A party may withdraw from the convention and its protocols, having given one year’s notice. But if the party is involved in an armed conflict or occupation at that time, the withdrawal will not take effect until the conflict or occupation has ended and that party’s obligations fulfilled. Parties to the original convention and protocols (119125): Afghanistan2, Algeria2, Albania, Antigua and Barbuda1, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bahrain5, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin2, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi4, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile2, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire4, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus*, Czech RepublicCzechia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia2, Finland, France*, Gabon2, Georgia, Germany, Greece, GrenadaGrenada2, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel*1, Italy*, Jamaica2, Japan, Jordan2, Kazakhstan2, Korea (South)3, Kuwait2, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon2, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania2, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives2, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco3, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco4, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua2, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine2, Panama, Paraguay, Peru2, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar2, Romania*, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines1, Saudi Arabia2, Senegal5, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone2, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey*3, Turkmenistan1, Uganda, UK*, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates2, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. 1 Party only to 1981 protocols I and II. 2 Party only to 1981 protocols I and III. 3 Party only to 1981 Protocol I. 4 Party only to 1981 Protocol II. 5 Party only to 1981 Protocol III. Signed but not ratified the original convention and protocols (54): Afghanistan, Egypt, Nigeria, Sudan, Viet Nam Parties to the amended convention and original protocols (8186): Afghanistan, Algeria, Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech RepublicCzechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Korea (South), Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Mexico*, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Amended Protocol II (102105): Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus*, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech RepublicCzechia, Denmark*, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland*, France*, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary*, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Korea (South)*, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan*, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden*, Switzerland*, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UK*, Ukraine*, Uruguay, USA*, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. declaration Parties to Protocol IV (104108): Afghanistan, Algeria, Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia*, Austria*, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech RepublicCzechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea- Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland*, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden*, Switzerland*, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, UK*, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol V (8795): Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech RepublicCzechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Korea (South), Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand*, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA*, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Convention Original convention and protocol texts (original and amendments): text: United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/xxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx. org/doc/Treaties/1983/12/19831202 01-19 AM/XXVI-2-revised.pdf> Convention amendment text: United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/doc/ Treaties/2001/12/20011221 01-23 AM/Ch_XXVI_02_cp.pdf> Amended Protocol II text: United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/doc/ Treaties/1996/05/19960503 01-38 AM/Ch_XXVI_02_bp.pdf> Protocol IV text: United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/doc/Treaties/ 1995/10/19951013 01-30 AM/Ch_XXVI_02_ap.pdf> Protocol V text: United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/doc/Treaties/ 2003/11/20031128 01-19 AM/Ch_XXVI_02_dp.pdf> Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention, CWC) Opened for signature at Paris on 13 January 1993; entered into force on 29 April 1997; depositary UN Secretary-General The convention prohibits the development, production, acquisition, transfer, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons. The CWC regime consists of four ‘pil- lars’: disarmament, non-proliferation, assistance and protection against chem- ical weapons, and international cooperation on the peaceful uses of chemistry. The convention established the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) as its implementing body. Each party undertook to destroy its chemical weapon stockpiles by 29 April 2012. Of the seven parties that had declared stocks of chemical weapons by that date, three had destroyed them (Albania, India and South Korea). Libya and Russia completed the destruction of their stockpiles in 2017 and Iraq did so in 2018, while the USA continues to destroy its stocks. The stockpile of chemical weapons that Syria declared when it acceded to the CWC in 2013 was destroyed in 2016. Old and abandoned chemical weapons will continue to be destroyed as they are uncovered from, for example, former battlefields. A party may withdraw from the convention, having given 90 days’ notice, if it decides that its supreme interests have been jeopardized by extraordinary events related to the treaty’s subject matter. Parties (193): Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria*, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium*, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China*, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Democratic Republic of the), Congo (Republic of the), Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba*, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark*, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France*, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany*, Ghana, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran*, Iraq, Ireland*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea (South), Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg*, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Xxxxxxxx Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan*, Palau, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal*, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain*, Sri Lanka, Sudan*, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria*, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, UK*, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe * With reservation and/or declaration. Signed but not ratified (1): Israel

November 2001. It expands the scope of application to non-non- international armed conflicts. The amended convention entered into force on 18 May 2004. Protocol I prohibits the use of weapons intended to injure by using fragments which that are not detectable in the human body by X-rays. Protocol II prohibits or restricts the use of mines, booby-traps and other devices. Amended Protocol II, which entered into force on 3 December 1998, reinforces the constraints regarding anti-personnel mines. Protocol III restricts the use of incendiary weapons. Protocol IV, which entered into force on 30 July 1998, prohibits the employ- ment employment of laser weapons specifically designed to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision. Protocol V, which entered into force on 12 November 2006, recognizes the need for measures of a generic nature to minimize the risks and effects of explosive remnants of war. A party may withdraw from the convention and its protocols, having given one year’s notice. But if the party is involved in an armed conflict or occupation at that time, the withdrawal will not take effect until the conflict or occupation has ended and that party’s obligations fulfilled. Parties to the original convention (125) and protocols I (119118), II (95) and III (115): Afghanistan2, Albania, Algeria2, Antigua and Barbuda1Barbuda2, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bahrain5, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin2, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi4, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, CameroonCameroon6, Canada*, Chile2, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire4, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus*, Czech RepublicCzechia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican RepublicRepublic6, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia2, Finland, France*, Gabon2, Georgia, Germany, Greece, GrenadaGrenada2, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel*1, Italy*, Jamaica2, Japan, Jordan2, Kazakhstan2, Korea (South)3, Kuwait2, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon2, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania2, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives2, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco3, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco4, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua2, Niger, North Macedonia, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine2, Panama, Paraguay, Peru2, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar2, Romania*, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines1Grenadines2, Saudi Arabia2, Senegal5, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone2, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey*3, Turkmenistan1, Uganda, UK*, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates2, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. 1 Party only to 1981 protocols I and II. 2 Party only to 1981 protocols I and III. 3 Party only to 1981 Protocol I. 4 Party only to 1981 Protocol II. 5 Party only to 1981 Protocol III. 6 Party to none of the original protocols. Signed but not ratified the original convention and protocols (54): Afghanistan, Egypt, Nigeria, Sudan, Viet Nam Parties to the amended convention and original protocols (8186): Afghanistan, Algeria, Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech RepublicCzechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Korea (South), Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Mexico*, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, North Macedonia, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Amended Protocol II (102106): Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus*, Belgium*, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech RepublicCzechia, Denmark*, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland*, France*, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary*, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Korea (South)*, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, North Macedonia, Norway, Pakistan*, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden*, Switzerland*, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UK*, Ukraine*, Uruguay, USA*, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. declaration Parties to Protocol IV (104109): Afghanistan, Algeria, Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia*, Austria*, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium*, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech RepublicCzechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea- Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, North Macedonia, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland*, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden*, Switzerland*, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, UK*, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol V (8796): Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech RepublicCzechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Korea (South), Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand*, Nicaragua, North Macedonia, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA*, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Convention Original convention and protocol texts (original and amendments): text: United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/https://treaties.un. org/doc/Treaties/1983/12/19831202 01-19 AM/XXVI-2-revised.pdf> Convention amendment text: United Nations Treaty Collection, <https://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/doc/ Treaties/2001/12/2001122 01-23 AM/Ch_XXVI_02_cp.pdf> Amended Protocol II text: United Nations Treaty Collection, <https://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/doc/ Treaties/1996/05/19960503 01-38 AM/Ch_XXVI_02_bp.pdf> Protocol IV text: United Nations Treaty Collection, <https://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/doc/Treaties/ 1995/10/19951013 01-30 AM/Ch_XXVI_02_ap.pdf> Protocol V text: United Nations Treaty Collection, <https://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/doc/Treaties/ 2003/11/20031128 01-19 AM/Ch_XXVI_02_dp.pdf> Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention, CWC)

November 2001. It expands the scope of application to non-non- international armed conflicts. The amended convention entered into force on 18 May 2004. Protocol I prohibits the use of weapons intended to injure by using fragments which that are not detectable in the human body by X-rays. Protocol II prohibits or restricts the use of mines, booby-traps and other devices. Amended Protocol II, which entered into force on 3 December 1998, reinforces the constraints regarding anti-personnel mines. Protocol III restricts the use of incendiary weapons. Protocol IV, which entered into force on 30 July 1998, prohibits the employ- ment of laser weapons specifically designed to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision. Protocol V, which entered into force on 12 November 2006, recognizes the need for measures of a generic nature to minimize the risks and effects of explosive explo- sive remnants of war. A party may withdraw from the convention and its protocols, having given one year’s notice. But if the party is involved in an armed conflict or occupation at that time, the withdrawal will not take effect until the conflict or occupation has ended and that party’s obligations fulfilled. Parties to the original convention and protocols (119125): Afghanistan2, Algeria2, Albania, Antigua and Barbuda1, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bahrain5, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin2, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi4, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile2, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire4, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus*, Czech RepublicCzechia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia2, Finland, France*, Gabon2, Georgia, Germany, Greece, GrenadaGrenada2, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel*1, Italy*, Jamaica2, Japan, Jordan2, Kazakhstan2, Korea (South)3, Kuwait2, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon2, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania2, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives2, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco3, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco4, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua2, Niger, North Macedonia, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine2, Panama, Paraguay, Peru2, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar2, Romania*, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines1, Saudi Arabia2, Senegal5, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone2, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey*3, Turkmenistan1, Uganda, UK*, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates2, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. 1 Party only to 1981 protocols I and II. 2 Party only to 1981 protocols I and III. 3 Party only to 1981 Protocol I. 4 Party only to 1981 Protocol II. 5 Party only to 1981 Protocol III. Signed but not ratified the original convention and protocols (54): Afghanistan, Egypt, Nigeria, Sudan, Viet Nam Parties to the amended convention and original protocols (8186): Afghanistan, Algeria, Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech RepublicCzechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Korea (South), Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Mexico*, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, North Macedonia, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Amended Protocol II (102106): Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus*, Belgium*, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech RepublicCzechia, Denmark*, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland*, France*, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary*, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Korea (South)*, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, North Macedonia, Norway, Pakistan*, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden*, Switzerland*, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UK*, Ukraine*, Uruguay, USA*, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. declaration Parties to Protocol IV (104109): Afghanistan, Algeria, Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia*, Austria*, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium*, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech RepublicCzechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea- Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, North Macedonia, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland*, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden*, Switzerland*, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, UK*, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol V (8796): Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech RepublicCzechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Korea (South), Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand*, Nicaragua, North Macedonia, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA*, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Convention Original convention and protocol texts (original and amendments): text: United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/xxxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx. org/doc/Treaties/1983/12/19831202 01-19 AM/XXVI-2-revised.pdf> Convention amendment text: United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/doc/ Treaties/2001/12/20011221 01-23 AM/Ch_XXVI_02_cp.pdf> Amended Protocol II text: United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/doc/ Treaties/1996/05/19960503 01-38 AM/Ch_XXVI_02_bp.pdf> Protocol IV text: United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/doc/Treaties/ 1995/10/19951013 01-30 AM/Ch_XXVI_02_ap.pdf> Protocol V text: United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/doc/Treaties/ 2003/11/20031128 01-19 AM/Ch_XXVI_02_dp.pdf> Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention, CWC)

November 2001. It expands the scope of application to non-non- international armed conflicts. The amended convention entered into force on 18 May 2004. Protocol I prohibits the use of weapons intended to injure by fragments which are not detectable in the human body by X-rays. Protocol II prohibits or restricts the use of mines, booby-traps and other devices. Amended Protocol II, which entered into force on 3 December 1998, reinforces the constraints regarding anti-personnel mineslandmines. Protocol III restricts the use of incendiary weapons. Protocol IV, which entered into force on 30 July 1998, prohibits the employ- ment employment of laser weapons specifically designed to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced un-enhanced vision. Protocol V, which entered into force on 12 November 2006, recognizes the need for measures of a generic nature to minimize the risks and effects of explosive remnants rem- nants of war. Parties to the original convention and protocols (119103): Albania, Antigua and Barbuda1, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin2Benin1, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi4, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile2Cape Verde, Chile1, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus*, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia2Estonia1, Finland, France*, Gabon2Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel*1Israel*2, Italy*, Jamaica2, Japan, Jordan2, Kazakhstan2Jordan1, Korea (South)3, Kuwait2, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania2Lithuania1, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives2Maldives1, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco3, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco4, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua2Nicaragua1, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru2Peru1, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar2, Romania*, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines1, Saudi Arabia2, Senegal5, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone2Leone1, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey*3, Turkmenistan1Turkmenistan2, Uganda, UK*, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates2, Uruguay, USA*USA*2, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Zambia Venezuela * With reservation and/or declaration. 1 Party only to 1981 protocols Protocols I and IIIII. 2 Party only to 1981 protocols Protocols I and IIIII. 3 Party only to 1981 Protocol I. 4 Party only to 1981 Protocol II. 5 Party only to 1981 Protocol III. Signed but not ratified the original convention and protocols (5): protocols: Afghanistan, Egypt, Iceland, Nigeria, Sudan, Viet Nam Parties to the amended convention and original protocols (8156): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Korea (South), Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Mexico*, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Panama, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, Ukraine * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Amended Protocol II (88): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Korea (South), Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Maldives, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, SerbiaSenegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UK, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Amended Protocol II (102): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus*, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark*, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland*, France*, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary*, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Korea (South)*, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan*, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UK*, Ukraine*, Uruguay, USA*, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Venezuela Parties to Protocol IV (10487): Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia*, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea- Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland*, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden*, Switzerland*, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, UK*, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol V (8735): Albania, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Korea (South), Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand*, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA*, Zambia Uruguay * With reservation and/or declaration. Convention and protocol texts South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty (original and amendments): United Nations Treaty Collectionof Rarotonga) Opened for signature at Rarotonga, <xxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/> Convention Cook Islands, on the Prohibition 6 August 1985; entered into force on 11 December 1986; depositary Director of the DevelopmentPacific Islands Forum Secretariat The treaty prohibits the manufacture or acquisition by other means of any nuclear explosive device, Productionas well as possession or control over such device by the parties anywhere inside or outside the zone defined in an annex. The parties also undertake not to supply nuclear material or equipment, Stockpiling unless subject to IAEA safeguards, and Use to prevent in their territories the stationing as well as the testing of Chemical Weapons any nuclear explo- sive device and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Conventionundertake not to dump, CWC)and to prevent the dumping of, radioactive wastes and other radioactive matter at sea anywhere within the zone. Each party remains free to allow visits, as well as transit, by foreign ships and aircraft. The treaty is open for signature by the members of the Pacific Islands Forum. Under Protocol 1 France, the UK and the USA undertake to apply the treaty pro- hibitions relating to the manufacture, stationing and testing of nuclear explosive devices in the territories situated within the zone for which they are internationally responsible. Under Protocol 2 China, France, Russia, the UK and the USA undertake not to use or threaten to use a nuclear explosive device against the parties to the treaty or against any territory within the zone for which a party to Protocol 1 is internationally respon- sible. Under Protocol 3 China, France, Russia, the UK and the USA undertake not to test any nuclear explosive device anywhere within the zone.

November 2001. It expands the scope of application to non-international armed conflictsconflicts. The amended convention entered into force on 18 May 2004. Protocol I prohibits the use of weapons intended to injure by fragments which are not detectable in the human body by X-rays. Protocol II prohibits or restricts the use of mines, booby-traps and other devices. Amended Protocol II, which entered into force on 3 December 1998, reinforces the constraints regarding anti-personnel mines. Protocol III restricts the use of incendiary weapons. Protocol IV, which entered into force on 30 July 1998, prohibits the employ- ment of laser weapons specifically specifically designed to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision. Protocol V, which entered into force on 12 November 2006, recognizes the need for measures of a generic nature to minimize the risks and effects of explosive remnants of war. Parties to the original convention and protocols (119114): Albania, Antigua and Barbuda1Barbuda2, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin2Benin1, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi4, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile2Cape Verde, Chile1, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus*, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia2Estonia1, Finland, France*, Gabon2Gabon1, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel*1Israel*2, Italy*, Jamaica2Jamaica1, Japan, Jordan2Jordan1, Kazakhstan2Kazakhstan1, Korea (South)3, Kuwait2, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania2Lithuania1, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic ofof ), Madagascar, Maldives2Maldives1, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco3, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco4, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua2Nicaragua1, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru2Peru1, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar2Qatar1, Romania*, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines1Grenadines2, Saudi Arabia2Arabia1, Senegal5, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone2Leone1, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey*3, Turkmenistan1Turkmenistan2, Uganda, UK*, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates2Emirates1, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Zambia Venezuela * With reservation and/or declaration. 1 Party only to 1981 protocols I and IIIII. 2 Party only to 1981 protocols I and IIIII. 3 Party only to 1981 Protocol I. 4 Party only to 1981 Protocol II. 5 Party only to 1981 Protocol III. Signed but not ratified the original convention and protocols (5): Afghanistan, Egypt, Nigeria, Sudan, Viet Nam Parties to the amended convention and original protocols (81): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Korea (South), Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Mexico*, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Amended Protocol II (102): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus*, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark*, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland*, France*, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary*, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Korea (South)*, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan*, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UK*, Ukraine*, Uruguay, USA*, Venezuela, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol IV (104): Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia*, Austria*, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium*, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada*, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany*, Greece*, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea- Bissau, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland*, Israel*, Italy*, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein*, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland*, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa*, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden*, Switzerland*, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, UK*, Ukraine, Uruguay, USA*, Uzbekistan * With reservation and/or declaration. Parties to Protocol V (87): Albania, Argentina*, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China*, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See*, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Korea (South), Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand*, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Xxxxxxx and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA*, Zambia * With reservation and/or declaration. Convention and protocol texts (original and amendments): United Nations Treaty Collection, <xxxx://xxxxxxxx.xx.xxx/> Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention, CWC).