NFC material properties Sample Clauses

NFC material properties. Material MNN Identification code Supplier Lot. Concentration (%) Length (μm) Width (nm) Zeta potential (mV) NFC 1 NFC Medium Coarse Stora Enso 130043 1.60 2-50 3-10 -32 NFC 2 NFC Fine Stora Enso 130042 2.40 2-20 2-15 -15 NFC 3 UPM Biofibrils AS UPM-Kymmene 10929 0.79 0,5-10 4-10 -25 NFC 4 UPM Biofibrils NS UPM-Kymmene 1544 1.47 2-20 7-20 -2 Pulp 5 UPM Bleached Birch Pulp UPM-Kymmene 1742H71 4.30 1 000 30 000 All cellulose samples were derived from natural wood-based pulp and consisted of glucose, xylose and mannose, hemicellulose content being 17 – 19 %. The materials were produced in pilot scale factories by mechanical and chemical treatment of the bulk-sized pulp. Details of the manufacturing process are classified property of Stora Enso and UPM-Kymmene. Prior to the experiments, the materials were stored in a refrigerator at 4 – 10 °C protected from light. The same sample batches were used in all experiments. The suppliers made efforts to ensure that the tested NFC materials were prepared as aseptically as possible, and some of the NFC samples tested had been autoclaved during their preparation. Before starting the toxicity studies, the NFC materials were tested for microbial contamination. To exclude the possible effects of contami-nation on the results, the materials were tested for endotoxin content by the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) method (Endpoint chromogenic LAL, R160, Xxxxxxx River Endosafe) as described in ISO 29701: 2010(E). The endotoxin content was determined from 100 μg/ml dispersions of the materials. All four NFC materials contained some endotoxin. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has set the acceptable endotoxin limit for sterile water used in inhalation as 0.5 EU/ml. Two of the celluloses, NFC 1 (1.33 EU/ml) and NFC 2 (1.27 EU/ml), exceeded this limit. It is not known whether endotoxin contamination at this level could interfere with the results of the immunotoxicity assays used in this study. The endotoxin level of the reference material was under the detection limit. In addition to endotoxin testing, the NFC materials were also tested for yeast and mold contamination with a commercially available test kit (MYSK10025, Merck Millipore, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA). No yeast or mold colonies were detected after a 72-h incubation. Following instructions given by the manufacturer, the materials were suspended by shaking and high-speed vortexing for 10 min. The dispersions were not sonicated to avoid possible changes in material c...
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Related to NFC material properties

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  • SIGNIFICANT LANDS INVENTORY FINDING Find that this activity is consistent with the use classification designated by the Commission for the land pursuant to Public Resources Code section 6370 et seq.

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