Methods of parameterization and monitoring Sample Clauses

Methods of parameterization and monitoring of droughts based on ground- based observations In the traditional definitions of drought and its parameters, meteorological data are used, such as precipitation, soil and air surface temperature, soil and air humidity, etc. For various environmental conditions, various indices have been proposed to monitor drought. One index, universal, optimal for the entire region at the time of writing, does not exist. Table 2 shows the main indices most widely distributed in the region under consideration. Table 2 The main indices most common in the Central Asian region for ground-based drought assessment Index Name Symbol Calculation Initial information for calculation Availability of information for its calculation Hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov 17, (HTC)18, HTC = r 0,1t r - the sum of precipitation (mm) t - the sum of the sum of the active daily average air temperatures Available Coefficient of humidification by Xxxxxx00 X X = R , E0 R - the sum of total precipitation for the year, mm E0 - volatility per year, mm Partially available Pedya’s Index (atmospheric soil drought) Si S ( ) = T − R − E i    T R E T, R, Y - anomalies of air temperature, precipitation and humidity in the active soil layer (up to 1 m) Partially available Pedya's Index (atmospheric drought) Si S ( ) = T − R . i   T R Available Pedya's Index (soil drought) Si S ( ) = E i E Partially available Standardized Precipitation Index20 21. SPI SPI = F−1G(R) Precipitation Available Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration index.22 SPEI Di= Ri-PETi (R)-Monthly precipitation and PET potential evapotranspiration Xxxxxx Drought Severity Index.23 2425 PDSI Precipitation, temperature, moisture available Partially available 17 Xxxxxxx Xx.X. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. - L: Gidrometeoizdat, 1979. - 320 p. 18 Xxxxxxx Xx.X. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. - L: Gidrometeoizdat, 1979. - 320 p. 19 Bioclimatic potential of Russia: theory and practice / X.X. Xxxxxxx, X.X. Xxxxxxxxx et al. - M.: Partnership of scientific publications of KMK, 2006. - 512 p 20 Łabędzki, L; Xxx, B. Meteorological and agricultural drought indices used in drought monitoring in Poland: a review. Meteorol Hydrol Water Manag 2014, 2 (2), 3-14. 21 User Guide for the Standardized Precipitation Index. Issue No. 1090. Geneva: WMO, 2012. 22 Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxxx, XX; Xxxxxxxx, S; Xxxxx-Xxxxxx, XX A multiscalar drought index sensitive to global warming: the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index. J Clim 2010, 23 (7), 1696-1718.
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